Brain's biochemical integrity is very important for the physiological working of the central nervous system (CNS). Oxidative stress stands as one of the major factors causing cerebral dysfunction. When the antioxidant response mechanism fails to neutralize the oxidative stress conditions, the consequence leads to the generation of free radicals in excess. Since the brain constitutes lipid matter in abundance and also consumes oxygen in large amounts, it is vulnerable to oxidative stress. Thus, damage caused by oxidative stress to the brain results in a harmful influence on the normal physiology of CNS. Though the association of neurodegenerative illnesses (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease) with oxidative stress has been studied and also been reported, its participation in neuropsychiatric disorders like depression and anxiety are yet to be determined. The present chapter covers the discussion of cerebral oxidative stress, its consequence in impairing memory and the role of antioxidants in treating the memory impairment.