Biomass gasification is a thermochemical conversion process in which diversified solid organic wastes produce majorly gaseous products (syngas) and tarry residue. The availability of sufficient quantities of biomass and effective utilization of municipal solid wastes make biogasification a very important technique. Major focus of gasification technology is to maximize syngas production as it can directly be used for power generation or be utilized as potential feedstock for other chemicals and biofuel production. In this chapter insights into process chemistry of gasification and its key operating conditions are majorly discussed along with various types of available bio-gasifiers. Present-day challenges for the gasification technology are highlighted along with a thoughtful insight to its sustainable growth potential. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.