The real-time acquisition and transmission system of agricultural drought data is researched. With the real time acquisition and analysis of agricultural drought data, it can effectively and accurately predict and analyze the agricultural drought data. It has great significance in increasing agricultural production and for promoting agricultural production. Based on Internet of things technology, the sensing layer is distributed in the agricultural infrastructures, real-time data acquisition is realized, the Network transmission layer is used to transmit the agricultural drought data and the Application layer is used to display the data from the sensors in the field.