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Removal of heavy metals from water: Technological advances and today's lookout through membrane applications
, Dhume S., Chendake Y.
Published in Cosmos Scholars Publishing House
2021
Volume: 8
   
Issue: 1
Pages: 1 - 21
Abstract
Water contamination by heavy metal is a great environmental concern. It leads to many health issues ranging from diarrhea, vomiting to life-threatening diseases like cancer, lung/kidney damage. This also affects soil biota/plant growth. Metal-ions have a tendency of bioaccumulation, hence pose a major issue upon entry in the food-cycle. Their removal from water is necessary before use for human/agricultural applications. Different methods reported for metal-ion separation are conventional methods viz. chemical-precipitation, ion-exchange, adsorption, coagulation, flocculation, flotation, electrochemical possess good separation efficiency, but the generation of a secondary pollutant, recovery issues restrict their applicability. Hence, there is a need of reliable techno-economical, environment-friendly, sustainable separation, recovery method. Membrane-based methods viz. reverse-osmosis, nanofiltration, electrodialysis, ultrafiltration has ability to treat water for heavy metal recovery without chemical contamination. Recovered materials can be recycled/utilized further. Among different membrane-based processes, micellar/polymer enhanced ultrafiltration requires chemical addition and affects purity. Electrodialysis, reverse-osmosis, nanofiltration processes require large energy/operational issues. Hence, simple ultrafiltration with membrane modification is preferable as low-energy requirements. This paper discusses details of conventional/advanced methods for heavy metal separation with the fundamental process, parameters, advantages/limitations. © 2021 Mahajan-Tatpate et al.; Licensee Cosmos Scholars Publishing House. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
About the journal
JournalInternational Journal of Membrane Science and Technology
PublisherCosmos Scholars Publishing House
ISSN24101869
Open AccessNo