Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) achieved great attention in different
domains due to the easy maintenance, scalability characteristics, and
self-configuration. It is arranged with small-sized sensors that are interacted
with the Internet of Things (IoT) to observe and records physical
environmental conditions. Due to the dynamic nature and less resources
of sensor nodes, searching for the optimal and secure routing path results
in a challenging task. Establishing a secure communication path between
the source and the destination node is more significant in the network
scenario to accomplish the process of data routing. Accordingly, the failure
of nodes along with the routing path result in path failure and it
results in data loss. Therefore, an effective data routing mechanism is
developed in this research to ensure the communication process to be
more effective by employing the proposed Whale Spotted Hyena Optimization
(WSHO) algorithm. The proposed WSHO is derived by the
incorporation of the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) and Spotted
Hyena Optimizer (SHO), respectively. Accordingly, the process of data
routing is accomplished by considering factors, like energy dissipation,
distance, trust, and delay. The data security process is employed to
secure the communicated data through the privacy preservation model
with different security factors. Moreover, the proposed method achieved
higher performance in terms of energy and trust 0.4432J, and 0.5124,
respectively.