MIT-World Peace University (MIT-WPU) is a top educational institute located in Pune, India. It is recognized within&nbsp;UGC under Government of Maharashtra Act No. XXXV 2017.&nbsp;

It is part of the MIT group of institutions (established in 1983) which covers 10+ campuses across India and has more than 50,000+ students enrolled across various disciplines at a given point of time. The institute houses 15 schools ranging from Engineering &amp; Technology, Design, Pharmacy, Commerce, Governance among others. It offers undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD programs among different disciplines.&nbsp;

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MIT World Peace University

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School of Mechanical Engineering

Engineering and Technology

Materials

The Joining of Copper to Stainless Steel by Solid-State Welding Processes: A Review

Bent tubes have a lot of various industrial applications. It is required for the transportation of fluids or gases. It also used as construction elements in all industries like car, aviation and shipbuilding industry, refrigeration and air conditioning technology, furniture industry. The objective of this paper is to understand the material deformation occurring during the bending of the tube bends and study the effect of parameters viz. bending radius, bending angle, springback on ovality of tube during bending operation. Tube undergoes certain deformation during the bending process which introduces various defects in the tube bends. This will lead the acceptability of tube bends for certain application. For better understanding the approximation of the defect it is necessary to reduce it at the manufacturing level itself. The testing uses different bending die to differ the bending radius and tests are performed at different bending angle. These whole data has been used to find the different defects and also to find the stress induced in the bends using FEA software package.