MIT-World Peace University (MIT-WPU) is a top educational institute located in Pune, India. It is recognized within&nbsp;UGC under Government of Maharashtra Act No. XXXV 2017.&nbsp;

It is part of the MIT group of institutions (established in 1983) which covers 10+ campuses across India and has more than 50,000+ students enrolled across various disciplines at a given point of time. The institute houses 15 schools ranging from Engineering &amp; Technology, Design, Pharmacy, Commerce, Governance among others. It offers undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD programs among different disciplines.&nbsp;

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MIT World Peace University

School of Pharmacy

{\textcopyright} 2019 Bentham Science Publishers. 1ackground: An efficient one-pot biocatalysed ultrasound assisted synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones/thiones has been developed under solvent free conditions. Materials and Methods: The use of biodegradable, non toxic, agar-powder as a catalyst provide advantages like high yield, simple operation, mild reaction condition with short reaction time. 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-2-ones/thiones formed were characterized by mass and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Results: The dihydropyrimidinones substituted with electron donating groups like fluorine, hydroxy along with thienyl groups exhibited good antibacterial activity. The compounds exhibited favorable binding interactions with mycobacterium target protein H37Rv. Conclusion: 4-methoxy substituted dihydropyrimidinones derivative showed significant antituberculosis activity.

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Pharmacy

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Current Bioactive Compounds

Biopolymer Catalysed Synthesis of 6-methyl-4-phenylcarbamoyl-1, 2, 3, 4- Tetrahydropyrimidine-2-ones and Evaluation of their Anti-bacterial and Anti-tubercular Activities

BACKGROUND: Prochlorperazine maleate (PCM) is a phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the treatment of nausea, vomiting and vertigo. It is BCS class II drug with only 12.5% bioavailability. Patents data on PCM had shown work on conjugation and matrix formulation which suggested idea for the present work design. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to enhance solubility of drug and to optimize gastro retentive floating capsule for controlled drug release at the targeted site for stipulated time. METHOD: The solubility of drug was determined in various vehicles like oils, surfactants and cosurfactants. Pseudo ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the efficient self emulsifying region. SMEDDS were tested for micro emulsifying properties. The resultant microemulsions were evaluated and were further selected for the floating drug delivery. Magnesium hydroxide was used as carrier to transform SMEDDS into Solid SMEDD (S-SMEDD). Non-effervescent floating capsule containing S-SMEDD were optimized using factorial design with independent variable HPMC K4M and ethyl cellulose. RESULTS: SMEDD consists of PCM, isopropyl myristate, tween 80 and PEG 400 as a drug, oil, surfactant and co-surfactant (1:1 ratio). Optimized formulation F5 showed 10 hrs floating time and percent drug release 91.56±2.7% with controlled drug delivery in stomach. F5 followed Korsmeyer Peppas release kinetics where the drug followed Fickian diffusion transport mechanism due to swelling of polymers in controlled manner. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that SMEDD enhanced the solubility of drug and floating capsule gave site specific drug release of PCM with the advantages of reduced dosing frequency and better compliance.

Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation

Development of Floating Delivery for Solid Self Micro-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System of Prochlorperazine Maleate

Nanobiotechnology is the combination of nanotechnology and biotechnology. Bioremediation is defined as a waste management technique that involves use of organisms to remove or neutralize pollutants from a contaminated site. This involves no use of chemicals and it allows waste to get recycled; this process has evolved as one of the most important methods. Remediation of contaminants using existing conventional technology is neither effective nor efficient in environmental cleanup. Techniques developed from nanobiotechnology can detect, control and remediate pollutants by acting as sensors. Use of nanomaterials has less toxic effects and this will not only reduce consumption time but also reduce cost. Nanoparticles developed by using microbial systems provide green nanotechnology and help in keeping the environment clean. Green nanotechnology needs to develop to make cleaner environment with great ecological balance on earth. This chapter deals with traditional methods of bioremediation, methods in nanobiotechnology and future aspects.

Biostimulation Remediation Technologies for Groundwater Contaminants

Nanobiotechnology for bioremediation: Recent trends

Background: Hedyotis corymbosa Linn. (family: Rubiaceae) has been used in the Indian indigenous system of medicine, Ayurveda, for treatment of various health aliments. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antidepressant activity of methanolic extract of whole plant of H. corymbosa (MHC) in olfactory bulbectomy rats. Materials and Methods: MHC was prepared and standardized to gallic acid by high-performance thin-layer chromatograph method. Effects of 14 days oral treatment of fluoxetine (30 mg/kg) and three doses of MHC (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) were evaluated on olfactory bulbectomy (OBX)-induced alterations in behavioral and biochemical parameters in rats. Results: MHC treatment reversed the OBX-induced behavioral abnormalities such as increased exploratory activity in open-field paradigm and decreased feeding latency time in novelty-suppressed feeding test. Serum cortisol levels were restored near to normal by the MHC treatment. Further, treatment of MHC prevented the OBX-induced decline of brain levels of serotonin and nor-adrenaline in dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: MHC prevents behavioral and neurochemical changes in OBX-induced depression in rats. These results demonstrate the antidepressant effect of H. corymbosa and support its folklore claim. Abbreviations Used: ANOVA: one-way analysis of variance; CPCSEA: Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals; ELIZA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HPTLC: High-performance thin-layer chromatography; MHC: Methanolic extract of Hedyotis corymbosa; NA: Noradrenaline; OBX: Olfactory bulbectomy; SEM: Standard error of mean; TLC: Thin layer chromatography; 5-HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HIAA: 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid.

Pharmacognosy Research

Antidepressant effect of Hedyotis corymbosa extract in olfactory bulbectomy rats

Background: A successful attempt has been done to develop and validate a simple stability indicating HPTLC method for the estimation of Mometasone furoate (MF) and its degradation product in the presence of Salicylic acid (SA). The degradation product was isolated, characterized and tested for cytotoxicity. Introduction: Mometasone furoate (MF) is chemically 9,21-Dichloro-17&#945;-[(2-furanylcarbonyl) oxy]- 11&#946;-hydroxy-16-&#945;-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, a high potency glucocorticoid. Salicylic acid (SA) has antiseptic, antifungal and keratolytic properties. Combination of MF and SA is available in the market as an ointment and is used for the treatment of skin inflammation, skin diseases, acne, skin redness and other conditions. Till now, there is no scientific documentation on HPTLC method for simultaneous estimation of MF and SA in the topical formulation; stress testing of drugs and determination of degradation products. Methods: Combination of Toluene: Ethyl Acetate: Methanol: Ammonia (6.4:1.5:2.0:0.1) was selected as the mobile phase. Detection was done by UV absorbance mode at wavelength 250 nm. Topical formulation containing MF and SA was analyzed by the developed method. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The standard drugs were subjected to stress testing like hydrolysis, oxidative, thermal and photolytic degradation. Results: Good separation with Rf values 0.61 &#177; 0.02 (MF) and 0.21 &#177; 0.02 (SA) was achieved by optimized chromatographic conditions. The % drug content was found to be 97.41&#177;1.15 and 99.43 &#177; 0.73 for MF and SA, respectively in a topical formulation. From the results of validation parameters, the developed method was found to be specific, accurate, precise, sensitive and robust. After stress testing, SA was found to be stable under different stress conditions. Whereas, MF was found to be base sensitive and single degradation product was observed and isolated by preparative TLC. It was characterized by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS studies. Isolated degradation product was subjected to cytotoxicity testing on A549 and SiHa cell lines. Conclusion: A simple stability indicating HPTLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of MF and its degradation product in presence of SA. Probable structure of degradation product of MF and probable pathway of degradation was interpreted. Results of cytotoxicity testing showed that the degradation product was more cytotoxic as compared to MF against both the cell lines.

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis

Study of Intrinsic Stability of Mometasone Furoate in Presence of Salicylic Acid by HPTLC and Characterization, Cytotoxicity Testing of Major Degradation Product of Mometasone Furoate

A simple, accurate and precise uv-spectrophotometric method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of azithromycin (AZI) and cefixime trihydrate (CEFI) in tablet formulation. The method was based on employing simultaneous equation method for the analysis of both drugs. AZI and CEFI have shown absorbance maxima at 222 and 289 nm in methanol, respectively. The linearity was obeyed in the concentration range of 10-50$\mu$g/ml for both drugs, with a significantly high correlation coefficient (r2= 0.999). The limits of detection for AZI and CEFI were 0.81 and 1.52 $\mu$g/ml, respectively and the limits of quantitation for AZI and CEFI were 2.40 and 4.60 $\mu$g/ml, respectively. The suitability of the developed method for quantitative determination of drugs was proved by validation. The method was successfully used to analyze a tablet formulation.

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Application of simultaneous equation method for the determination of azithromycin and cefixime trihydrate in tablet formulation

Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

4. Preparation, Characterization and Determination of Antioxidant Activity of Anterdhum Padhati Mashi (APM) and Bahirdhum Padhati Mashi (BPM) of Cocos Nucifera Husk

Background: Colorectal carcinoma is the fourth most common internal malignancy; it is second only to carcinoma of the lung as a cause of carcinoma death. 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) is a drug of choice in the treatment of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. The drug shows irritation on gastric exposure. It has poor bioavailability with half life less than 2 h. Targeted delivery of 6-MP will provide an effective and safe therapy for colon diseases. Objective: Objective of the present work was to design, develop and optimize colon targeted delivery with help of polymers guar gum and HPMC K100 for 6-Mercaptopurine, which will act as site targeted delivery for treatment of colon diseases. Method: Targeted delivery was prepared by press/compression coating technique. Preliminary study had shown 4:1 ratio of microcrystalline cellulose and croscarmellose sodium was optimum for core tablet. 32 full factorial design was applied. Amount of guar gum and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K100) were employed as independent variables while responses evaluated were hardness and swelling index at 5 h. Results: Optimized GD batch contain 26.32% and 73.68% w/w of total polymer weight of guar gum and HPMC K100, respectively. This prevented the release of drug in the gastric region and allowed drug release ≥90% in colonic region after ≥8 h. In-vivo x-ray imaging placebo study revealed that, tablet was observed in colonic part at 5h and disintegrated at $\sim$ 8 h. Optimized formulation was found to be physically and chemically stable. Conclusion: Optimize GD batch had shown retardation of the drug release in upper GI tract which will enhance therapeutic activity of the drug at the site. This system hence will act as a potential site and time controlled colon targeted delivery. {\textcopyright} 2017 Bentham Science Publishers.

The Natural Products Journal

Guar Gum and HPMC Coated Colon Targeted Delivery of 6-Mercapto-Purine

Herbal medicine is playing an essential role in health care, with about 75-80% of the world's population relying mainly on the use of traditional or alternative systems of medicines for their primary health care. Abelmoschus moschatus Medik., commonly known as musk okra belonging to the family Malvaceae, is used traditionally in the treatment of various health ailments throughout the world. The plant has been extensively studied by various researchers for its biological activities and therapeutic potentials. The present review summarizes information published in various academic journals and books, covering folkloric uses, chemical compositions, pharmacological activities of the extracts and isolated compounds and safety profile of A. moschatus for further research studies.

International Journal of Green Pharmacy

Phytopharmacology of Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.: A review

Background Ojamin (OJ), a polyherbal antidiabetic formulation, is extensively used as a food supplement to control diabetes alone or along with synthetic antidiabetic agents. However, it's phytochemical and pharmacological investigations are lacking. Objective The present study was undertaken to study antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potentials of OJ and its interaction with Metformin in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic activities of OJ were evaluated at dose of 0.28 ml/kg by estimating biochemical changes in urine, serum and liver tissue homogenate and histological changes in liver and pancreatic tissues. Metformin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as reference standard drug. Results Results indicate that STZ administration caused hyperglycemia, increased serum glycosylated hemoglobin content, altered serum lipid profile, polyuria, decreased liver glycogen content and histological changes in liver and pancreatic tissues. This elevated serum glucose level and urine volume was significantly decreased by OJ. Supplementation with OJ produced significant improvement in serum lipid profile and glycosylated hemoglobin content along with significant increase in the liver glycogen content. OJ treatment also restored histological changes in liver and pancreatic tissue near to the normal. The observed antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of OJ were superior to Metformin. Co-treatment of diabetic rats with OJ and Metformin failed to control blood glucose levels. Conclusion It is concluded that the OJ possesses significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities in rats. However, co-administration of OJ and Metformin is cautioned.