MIT-World Peace University (MIT-WPU) is a top educational institute located in Pune, India. It is recognized within&nbsp;UGC under Government of Maharashtra Act No. XXXV 2017.&nbsp;

It is part of the MIT group of institutions (established in 1983) which covers 10+ campuses across India and has more than 50,000+ students enrolled across various disciplines at a given point of time. The institute houses 15 schools ranging from Engineering &amp; Technology, Design, Pharmacy, Commerce, Governance among others. It offers undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD programs among different disciplines.&nbsp;

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MIT World Peace University

School of Pharmacy

The authors want to change the ethical approval statement in the original publication. The correct statement is indicated below. Ethical approval Ex vivo permeation study for the developed formulation was approved by the ‘Institutional Animal Ethics Committee' regulated by CPCSEA of Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Pune-411041 (Protocol No. SIOP/IAEC/2018/02/101).

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation

Correction to: Natural anti-proliferative agent loaded self-microemulsifying nanoparticles for potential therapy in oral squamous carcinoma (Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, (2019), 49, 5, (527-541), 10.1007/s40005-018-00415-x)

Background: Ficus glomerata (F. glomerata) Linn. Family Moraceace is a large tree found all over India including outer Himalayan ranges, Punjab, Chota Nagpur, Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Deccan and also as a common plant in South India. It is planted around the home and temples. It is cultivated throughout the year, distributed in evergreen forests and moist localities. Objective: The Ethanolic Extract of roots of F. Glomerata (EEFG) belonging to the family Moraceace, was investigated for its antidiabetic activity using alloxan induced diabetic rats. Method: Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups having 6 rats in each group. The alloxan was administered to the rats of all groups except normal control group through intraperitoneal route at a concentration of 140mg/kg body weight. A dose of 100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight of EEFG was administered to alloxan induced diabetic rats. The administration of the extract was lasted for 11 days. Effectiveness of the extract on glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein and protein concentrations was analyzed. Result: Significant (p<0.05) reduction in the levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride of the diabetic rats was observed after treatment with ethanolic extract. After subjecting to oral glucose tolerance test EEFG also showed significant improvement in glucose tolerance. Conclusion: F. glomerata root ethanolic extract showed that it possesses antidiabetic effect and can be found useful for the management of diabetes mellitus. {\textcopyright} 2020 Bentham Science Publishers.

Current Bioactive Compounds

Antidiabetic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Ficus glomerata (L.) Roots

Background: Ficus glomerata Roxb. is a moderate-sized avenue tree distributed throughout India both as wild or cultivated. It is traditionally used in various traditional systems of medicine including Ayurveda, Siddha and Homoeopathy. In these indigenous systems of medicine, different parts of the plant Ficus glomerata are commonly used for the treatment of dysentery, diarrhea, diabetes, bilious affections, stomachache, menorrhage, haemoptysis and also as a carminative and astringent. Objectives:The current investigation deals with detail pharmacognostical studies on roots of Ficus racemosa mainly focusing the morphological, macroscopical analysis, prelimilnary examinations of root powder and florescence analysis. Methods: Physicochemical constants of roots of Ficus glomerata were estimated as per official guidelines. Results: Significant in vitro antioxidant activity was observed for alcoholic root extract of Ficus glomerata. The alcoholic extract and aqueous extract show the presence of tannins and saponins as major constituents. Remaining constituents were found to be carbohydrate, glycosides, phenolic compounds, gum and mucilage. Conclusion: Ficus glomerata possess significant antioxidant activities.

Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Antioxidant Studies of Indigenous Medicinal Plant

Hyaluronic acid or Sodium hyaluronate (HA) is a naturally occurring, biodegradable biopolymer of interest; which is found to be present in synovial fluid and connective tissues. It also found in the vitreous fluid of the eye; mostly of bacteria and higher animals. Hyaluronan synthases; a membrane protein takes part in HA synthesis. The formed HA gets degraded by enzyme hyaluronidases. HA plays an important role in fields of biomedical and tissue engineering. Moreover, biologically; it plays principal role in maintaining elastoviscosities of connective tissues and eye vitreous fluid, which controls tissue hydration, lubrication of movable body parts, water transport and moisturizer. This review undertakes consideration of HA in many aspects such as, its chemistry, biological importance, physiological and pathological functions, current and future trends and applications. © 2020, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Hyaluronic acid, a promising viscoelastic biomedicine: A review

AIM To design controlled release topical delivery of mupirocin for treatment of skin infection. BACKGROUND Mupirocin is an antibacterial drug. Mupirocin works to kill the bacteria which include strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. It is also used for treatment of inflammation of a hair follicle. Halflife of mupirocin is only 20-40 min. It has very slight solubility in water. Patent literature had shown work on ointment, antibiotic composition, nasal and topical composition. Emulgel is a duel control release system for topical delivery of hydrophobic drugs. OBJECTIVE was to formulate emulgel with controlled delivery of mupirocin using Sepineo P 600. METHODS Soya oil, tween 80 and polyethylene glycol 400 (Oil: Surfactant: Cosurfactant) was used for emulsion formulation. Emulgel was optimized by 32 factorial design. Sepineo P 600 and hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose K4M was used as independent variable. Drug excipient compatibility analysis was carried out by FTIR, UV and DSC spectra. Emulgel was evaluated for its physical characterization, in-vitro release, ex-vivo release, antimicrobial and antiinflammatory study. RESULTS DSC, UV and FTIR analysis confirmed drug excipient compatibility. FE SEM showed size range in between 228-255 nm. Zeta potential was found to be -25.1mV, which showed good stability of the emulsion. Design expert software showed F2 as optimized batch. Release studies indicated controlled release of drug form Sepineo P600 gel due to its higher gelling capacity. Batch F2 showed comparable results with marketed formulation against Staphylococcus aureus. For batch F2, 40 $\mu$g/ml was the minimal inhibitory concentration. CONCLUSION Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory study proved successful development of stable controlled release mupirocin emulgel.

Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery

Development of Emulgel Delivery of Mupirocin for Treatment of Skin Infection

The present work describes biological evaluation of target molecules designed by molecular docking with 4h1j protein using Autodock Vina docker. Designed novel benzothiazole and coumarin based 6-(3, 5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl) pyridazin-3-one derivatives were synthesized by condensation of substituted 6-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one with substituted 2-amino benzothiazoles, substituted 2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbonyl chloride or 4-(bromomethyl)-2H-chromen-2-one. Synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral analysis and screened for antioxidant activity using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhyrazyl radical scavenging, Hydrogen peroxide scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power method. The compounds 5c and 9b showed more antioxidant potential and other compounds showed moderate to less activity as compared to standard Ascorbic acid and Butylated hydroxyl toluene.

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Design, synthesis, characterization and antioxidant activity of novel benzothiazole and coumarin based 6-(3, 5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl) pyridazin-3-one derivatives

BACKGROUND: Coumarins are naturally occurring biologically active heterocyclic molecules endowed with a wide range of biological properties, including antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor activities. OBJECTIVE: The present work aimed to synthesize new coumarin-containing compounds and to investigate their cytotoxic activity. METHODS: Coumarin peptide and coumarin amino alcohols were prepared by treating epoxide-containing coumarin derivatives with suitable aromatic amines and peptides in trifluoroethanol as a solvent at 50 °C. These derivatives were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity on three different cell lines: HeLa, MDA-MB-231 and L-132. Cell viability was determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) based assay. RESULTS: A new protocol has been developed for the synthesis of thirteen novel coumarin peptide and coumarin amino alcohol derivatives. Among the tested compounds, three derivatives showed significant activity against all the tested cell lines. Docking studies indicated favorable interactions of the di-substituted peptide coumarin derivatives with the Asp 351 and Thr 347 amino acids at the active site of human estrogen receptor. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the newly synthesized compounds may be promising candidates in the research of new antitumor compounds.

Medicinal Chemistry

Synthesis and Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Novel Coumarin Peptide alcohol Derivatives

Purpose: In the present study ester conjugates of a protease inhibitor, Atazanavir (AT) were prepared with various amino acids to improve its physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and safety profile. Methods: All the conjugates were synthesized by dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) coupling method using dimethylaminopyridine as a catalyst. The synthesized compounds were characterized by NMR, mass, FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis and evaluated for their solubility, partition coefficient and hydrolytic stability. Cytotoxicity and permeability studies were carried out across Caco-2 cell line. The synthesized derivatives were screened for anti-HIV activity by protease inhibition assay. Results: Solubility studies indicated that all the conjugates have greater water solubility as compared to AT. Conjugates displayed higher stability under acidic conditions while undergo hydrolysis as the pH is increased. Absorptive diffusion across Caco-2 cell monolayers was improved and recognition by efflux carriers was reduced by amino acid conjugation. No cytotoxicity was detected for conjugates upto concentration as high as 100$\mu$g/ml, which indicates better safety profile and promising therapeutic potential. Conclusion: Direct conjugation of L-amino acids has the potential to improve oral absorption and thereby oral bioavailability of protease inhibitors.

Synthesis, hydrolysis kinetics and in-vitro evaluation of amino acid ester conjugates of atazanavir

Rifampicin (RIF) is a semi synthetic derivative of rifamycin B. RIF is crystalline and hydrophobic in nature which may limit therapeutic concentration of RIF at the target site. Crystallanity of RIF can be reduced by formation of nanoparticles. Aim of the present investigation was to develop vanillin crosslinked chitosan nanoparticles of rifampicin by 32 factorial design. Effect of concentration of chitosan and crosslinker on Particle size (PS) and Entrapment efficiency (EE) was studied. PS of nanoparticles was determined by Dynamic Light Scattering method. EE was determined by centrifugation method and free drug was analyzed by UV-visible spectrophotometry. The optimised nanoparticles were characterised by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray Powder Diffractometer (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy and in vitro release study. EE of RIF nanoparticles were found to be in the range of 48.76±0.95 % to 83.24±1.68%. The PSs of the nanoparticles were found to be in the range of 89.63±9.78nm to 436.4±8.44nm. Coefficients of regression equation suggest that PS and EE of chitosan nanoparticles are dependent on concentration of chitosan and vanillin. Optimum experimental conditions were selected based on the overlay plot of PS and EE. Value of average percent error was found to be sufficiently low which confirms the validity of model. FTIR, DSC and XRPD study revealed the formation of nanoparticles. SEM study indicates formation of porous nanoparticles. Results of the study indicate that vanillin can be used as a crosslinker for the preparation of RIF loaded chitosan chitosan nanoparticles. © RJPT All right reserved.