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MIT World Peace University

School of Petroleum Engineering

World University root node

Engineering and Technology

Materials Today: Proceedings

Modifications of petroleum industry effluent treatment Method: An approach for quality improvement of process water for ASP flooding and chemical EOR

The treatment and disposal of oil field-produced water from pay zones presents a variety of issues for the hydrocarbon industry. Significant laboratory experimentation is carried out in this research program to design optimized dosages of oil field chemicals to design a water treatment plant for a thin stacked reservoir containing heavy viscous oil. When produced water is produced by pay zones containing heavy viscous oil, treatment can be difficult. For a better understanding of treatment procedures, chemical properties and physical properties of produced water are analysed. For re-injection of producing water to maintain reservoir pressure, the produced water must be compatible with the rheology of the reservoir under study. If the water leaving oil fields is untreated, it creates problems with injectivity loss and formation degradation, contaminating local groundwater resources and causing a significant environmental disaster. When significant amounts of oil field water is generated, the cost of water treatment chemicals rises dramatically. As a result, after examining the ionic concentration of generated water, this research effort recommends optimizing chemical dosing. Various filtration tests for effective rock fluid compatibility, include series, care, and coarse. The entire water treatment system was designed on prescribed treatment chemical dosages. The primary phase of generated water purification in this study relies heavily on the water treatment technologies of coagulation and flocculation. This processed oil field-produced water is ideal for Enhanced Oil Recovery such as Alkali Surfactant-Polymer flooding. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dose optimization of oil field produced water and advanced water treatment for heavy viscous oil

Low salinity Waterflooding (LSWF) is a proven EOR technique which has emerged in the last few decades. In this, the salinity of the injected water is reduced. Studies have unveiled that the LSWF can improve about 5–38% of oil recovery. This work aims to study the effectiveness of LSWF by modeling Sea waterflooding (SWF) and LSWF using a commercial reservoir simulator and justifying the proposed mechanisms responsible for the incremental oil recovery due to LSWF. A critical parametric study has been undertaken, which led us to conclude that LSWF is a cost-effective, and environment-friendly method that results in additional oil recovery for sandstone reservoirs. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Petroleum Science and Technology

Investigation of impact of low salinity water flooding on oil recovery for sandstone reservoirs–a simulation approach

Agro-industrial waste material such as non-edible deoiled Castor bean cake (CBC) is one of the most abundant sources for bioethanol demonstrating the feasibility of utilizing bioethanol as commercial biofuel. This is an alternative to mitigate fossil fuel dependence and carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere. The CBC was pretreated with the help of thionyl chloride at a temperature of 35 °C for residence time 25 min. Subsequently, CBC substrate obtained from pretreatment was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis with T. viride concentration varying from 0.5 to 5 g L−1 at 35 °C, pH 6 for 48 h. Under optimized conditions the process integrating pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis for 48 h at 35 °C with pH 7 resulted in 76 g L−1 of reducing sugars from 100 g CBC. The obtained sugar was further fermented at 30 °C for 72 h with saccharomyces cerevisiae as a fermenting media which yields 37.5 g L−1 of bioethanol. A study of different particle sizes of CBC with BSS-5, BSS-10, BSS-20 was done for efficient enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation into bioethanol. On a pilot-scale 375 g L−1 of bioethanol was obtained from 1 kg of CBC with the same reaction conditions. The present study demonstrates optimized solid: liquid ratio 1:2 for hydrolysis, fermentation process, and the production cost for bioethanol per L. Figure S1 represents graphical abstract for the production of bioethanol from CBC in supplementary information. © 2022 The Author(s)

Heliyon

Different particle size study of castor deoiled cake for biofuel production with an environmental sustainability perspective

Machine learning is an artificial intelligence application in which accessible data is processed or assisted in the analysis of any given dataset using algorithms. Machine learning is increasingly being employed in numerous oil and gas sector activities for better forecasts, ranging from litho-stratigraphic identification to pipeline network maintenance and service, and hence greatly improving safety. Using properly designed Neural Network algorithms, various parameters of a well under production has been predicted with reasonable accuracy. After a well is drilled and completed with casing, perforations are done to establish communication between the well and reservoir followed by production from the well. There are various production parameters, some of which are critical as they determine the life and health of a well, while others are general parameters which give details of the features and characteristics of the well as well as the reservoir. These parameters are obtained either directly from field measurements in real time with specific equipment or some are calculated with complex empirical formulas. In this paper, we have taken a machine learning methodology by designing neural networks models to predict the decline curve and further determine some of production parameters. © The Electrochemical Society

ECS Transactions

Predicting Critical Parameters of a Declining Oil Well - A Data Driven Approach

Despite extensive research and efforts in handling and mitigation of dust explosion, accidents involving dust explosion take place. The mention of dust explosion in the literature dates to 1785, but industry professionals from oil and gas are unaware of this hazard. An incident is reported leading to the demise of two workers while attempting to unload barite powders. The process industry is highly dependent on powdered chemicals which are used as an additive in drilling fluid and cements such as barite, bentonite, calcium carbonate, lead sulphides, NaOH, etc. The explosive behaviour of these dusts can be determined with the help of the Kst values. The Kst value is dependent on the confinement, dispersion of particles, size of the dust particle, the source of ignition, and presence of free oxygen. Usually, an experimental setup of 20L sphere with two different types of nozzles i.e., perforated annular nozzle or rebound nozzles are majorly used to calculate the value of Kst. While the setup is being prepared at our end, this work presents a comparison of the performance of these nozzles using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as a tool, to understand the different parameters of dispersion, and the impact they have on the dust explosion. © The Electrochemical Society

Comparative analysis of critical factors for nozzle consideration in dust explosion testing

Journal of Integrated Science and Technology

Effects of blending bioethanol with gasoline on spark–ignition engine – A review

One of the major problems faced by the oil industry is the problem of unwanted water production. High rates of unwanted water production in a well can make the well uneconomical and reduces the good lifespan. The paper studies the problems faced by a field experiencing a large amount of unwanted water production in the majority of its wells. The data gathered from one of the Indian Western Offshore Oil Fields have been analyzed to identify the problems faced in several wells. Also, the initiatives taken by the company to control high water cut has been discussed. Understanding the water shut-off methods used for mitigating the problem of high water cut and their efficiency, the availability of various Inflow Control Systems for well completion to prevent unwanted water production is studied. Studying the performance of these systems from numerous case studies and literature surveys for mitigating unwanted water production, the paper provides a complete strategy for water control in horizontal wells for different reservoir properties and for future redevelopment plan of the Indian Western Offshore Field followed by the conclusion. © 2022 The authors and IOS Press.

School of Chemical Engineering

Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

Completion Strategy for Water Control in Horizontal Wells of an Indian Western Offshore Oilfield: A Case Study

Water-flooding is a necessity for improved extraction of crude from the existing reservoir. However, scale deposition is a challenge to be mitigated due to incompatibility among injected and formation water during water-flooding operations. Sulfates and carbonate scales of barium, calcium, and strontium are commonly encountered in diversified oil fields. Such scale deposition inside the pores of reservoir rock leads to a reduction in effective permeability, which ultimately affects the fluid flow and, thus, results in a decrease in overall productivity. Hence it is important to predict the impact of scale deposition on permeability reduction. In the present study, a generalized model using a multivariate regression approach was developed to estimate the reduction of permeability due to barium, calcium, and strontium sulfate scale deposition based on important variables, namely temperature, pressure, and brine concentration and pore volume injected. Experimental data of sulfate scale deposition in Malaysian sandstone reservoirs from published literature were utilized for modeling purposes. The developed simple generalized model can predict final permeability caused by scale deposition with good accuracy (<10 % relative error) compared to experimental data. Moreover, a sliding window regression approach was used to improve its performance. Models were subsequently validated using a new data-set of sandstone reservoirs available from open literature. © 2022, Petroleum and Coal. All Rights Reserved.

Petroleum and Coal

Prediction of Reducing Permeability due to Scale Deposition during Water-flood-ing Operations of Crude Reservoirs

Environmental pollution has been determined to be the root cause of a large number of deaths and illnesses around the world. Heavy metals in wastewater have been a major problem in recent years due to their hazardous effects. Human health, living resources, and ecological systems are all at risk because of the increasing levels of hazardous metals that are being released into the environment as industrial wastes. Heavy metals in wastewater are strictly regulated by environmental organizations and authorities due to their harmful health impacts and toxicological properties. As a result, adequate safeguards must be taken, and technologies for detecting, quantifying, and removing heavy metals from effluent waterways must be developed. The most prevalent method for removing heavy metals from wastewater is adsorption. As a result of recent advances in adsorption technology, it's a potential wastewater treatment method. In recent years, the utilization of agricultural waste materials has grown in popularity. Due to their physicochemical and nontoxic properties, agricultural wastes have the potential to be employed as adsorbents. A low-cost adsorbent made from agricultural waste is one of the most common applications for agricultural waste products. This review provides an overview of applications for various agricultural waste materials added to their ability to absorb heavy metals. The different properties of agricultural waste materials are also summarized. The review article also covered the treatment procedure's effectiveness, difficulties, effects on the environment and public health, and other elements. The process parameters, the adsorption isotherm, and the adsorption kinetics are all thoroughly discussed. In this review, it has been shown that several heavy metals can be effectively removed from wastewater using inexpensive adsorbents. © 2022