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School of Petroleum Engineering

Engineering and Technology

Materials Today: Proceedings

Modifications of petroleum industry effluent treatment Method: An approach for quality improvement of process water for ASP flooding and chemical EOR

The treatment and disposal of oil field-produced water from pay zones presents a variety of issues for the hydrocarbon industry. Significant laboratory experimentation is carried out in this research program to design optimized dosages of oil field chemicals to design a water treatment plant for a thin stacked reservoir containing heavy viscous oil. When produced water is produced by pay zones containing heavy viscous oil, treatment can be difficult. For a better understanding of treatment procedures, chemical properties and physical properties of produced water are analysed. For re-injection of producing water to maintain reservoir pressure, the produced water must be compatible with the rheology of the reservoir under study. If the water leaving oil fields is untreated, it creates problems with injectivity loss and formation degradation, contaminating local groundwater resources and causing a significant environmental disaster. When significant amounts of oil field water is generated, the cost of water treatment chemicals rises dramatically. As a result, after examining the ionic concentration of generated water, this research effort recommends optimizing chemical dosing. Various filtration tests for effective rock fluid compatibility, include series, care, and coarse. The entire water treatment system was designed on prescribed treatment chemical dosages. The primary phase of generated water purification in this study relies heavily on the water treatment technologies of coagulation and flocculation. This processed oil field-produced water is ideal for Enhanced Oil Recovery such as Alkali Surfactant-Polymer flooding. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dose optimization of oil field produced water and advanced water treatment for heavy viscous oil

Water-flooding is a necessity for improved extraction of crude from the existing reservoir. However, scale deposition is a challenge to be mitigated due to incompatibility among injected and formation water during water-flooding operations. Sulfates and carbonate scales of barium, calcium, and strontium are commonly encountered in diversified oil fields. Such scale deposition inside the pores of reservoir rock leads to a reduction in effective permeability, which ultimately affects the fluid flow and, thus, results in a decrease in overall productivity. Hence it is important to predict the impact of scale deposition on permeability reduction. In the present study, a generalized model using a multivariate regression approach was developed to estimate the reduction of permeability due to barium, calcium, and strontium sulfate scale deposition based on important variables, namely temperature, pressure, and brine concentration and pore volume injected. Experimental data of sulfate scale deposition in Malaysian sandstone reservoirs from published literature were utilized for modeling purposes. The developed simple generalized model can predict final permeability caused by scale deposition with good accuracy (<10 % relative error) compared to experimental data. Moreover, a sliding window regression approach was used to improve its performance. Models were subsequently validated using a new data-set of sandstone reservoirs available from open literature. © 2022, Petroleum and Coal. All Rights Reserved.

School of Chemical Engineering

Petroleum and Coal

Prediction of Reducing Permeability due to Scale Deposition during Water-flood-ing Operations of Crude Reservoirs

Reservoir characterization is of key importance in upstream industry as it ensures maximum productivity of crude along with the selection of an appropriate method for economic recovery from the sub-surface reservoir. Proper identification of hydraulic flow units and a detailed understanding of pore characteristics are essential in reservoir characterization studies. Here, hydraulic flow unit concept is applied for in-depth characterization of a complex petroleum reservoir from Indian sub-continent having fine-grained sandstone, siltstone together with shale. A semi-logarithmic porosity – permeability plot exhibited large heterogeneity of the reservoir under study. An improved relationship between porosity – permeability was developed through classification of the reservoir formation under study into three hydraulic flow units based on unique flow zone indicator value. Pore size classification of studied core samples were investigated using mercury intrusion capillary pressure curves and later, validated using fractal dimensions calculated using capillary pressure fractal model. Finally, factors affecting the heterogeneity in permeability of subjected reservoir were analyzed. The study indicates that quantitative evaluation of pore system by mercury intrusion porosimetry along with the fractal dimensional analysis can efficiently be applied for verification of hydraulic flow unit classification and hence, for the detailed characterization of heterogeneous petroleum reservoir. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering

Characterization of heterogeneous petroleum reservoir of Indian Sub-continent: An integrated approach of hydraulic flow unit – Mercury intrusion capillary pressure – Fractal model

Problems associated with asphaltene deposition are key challenges for the upstream industry. In this research work, systematic experimental studies of asphaltene precipitation were conducted for two different Iranian crude reservoirs. Though gas injection in the reservoir enhances the crude productivity, it leads to higher precipitation of asphaltene compared to the natural depletion conditions. State of the art software tool namely CMG was utilized to predict the performance of the reservoirs for natural depletion condition as well as at high gas injection conditions. The CMG based predictions matched well with the experimental observations for both the reservoirs with reasonable accuracy. © 2019 Petroleum and Coal.

Experimental and CMG study of asphaltene precipitation under natural depletion and gas injection conditions

The deformed sedimentary sequence exposed in the core of Precambrian Kaladgi Basin, North Karnataka India, has given rise to prominent regional basinal structures with intervening anticlines. Deformation ceases away from the core part. The basinal structures are recognised on satellite images, aerial photographs and toposheets because of resistant segmented ridges of quartzite. A closure view of Bhuvan images around Yadwad village, North Karnataka, the core portion of Kaladgi Basin also revealed presence of folded geometry in the older carbonates of Bagalkot Group seen along the margins of the regional folds. Though folding in the sequence exposed in the region around Yadwad and further west is described by many authors, no detailed analysis of structures is available in published literature. An attempt is made here to map, analyse and integrate the structures in carbonates of Yadwad region on different scales observed in the field to find out their possible origin. It is suggested that the structures are syntectonic in origin formed in the presence of circulating fluids in high pressure and low temperature during the post depositional phase the Bagalkot sequence in which gravity played an important role in the formation of regional structures. The sequence also has recorded low grade of metamorphism as seen from the thin section observations.

Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing

Analysis of Folding in the Proterozoic Sedimentary Sequence of Bagalkot Group Exposed around Yadwad, N Karnataka, India: a Study Based on Remote Sensing Techniques and Field Investigations

In the present study, degradation of petroleum industry wastewater has been investigated through laboratory experiments by employing heterogeneous photocatalytic process. A photocatalytic reactor was used for the advanced oxidation. The industrial wastewater was characterized. Photocatalytic activity of semiconductor such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been investigated. An attempt has been made to study the effect of process parameters through amount of catalyst, and operating pH on photocatalytic degradation of petroleum industry wastewater. The experiments were carried out by varying pH (2-11), amount of catalyst (0.25-1.5 g/L). Optimal suspended catalyst concentration, fluid pH and temperature were obtained at amounts of near 1 g/L, 3 and 50 °C, respectively. The maximum rate of degradation was observed in acidic medium at pH 3 and maximum reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 60%. © 2015 Scientific Publishers.