MIT-World Peace University (MIT-WPU) is a top educational institute located in Pune, India. It is recognized within&nbsp;UGC under Government of Maharashtra Act No. XXXV 2017.&nbsp;

It is part of the MIT group of institutions (established in 1983) which covers 10+ campuses across India and has more than 50,000+ students enrolled across various disciplines at a given point of time. The institute houses 15 schools ranging from Engineering &amp; Technology, Design, Pharmacy, Commerce, Governance among others. It offers undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD programs among different disciplines.&nbsp;

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MIT World Peace University

School of Pharmacy

Oral delivery of paliperidone palmitate (PPD), a potent antipsychotic agent, has been reported with a potential risk of very serious drug-induced adverse events such as tachycardia, hyperprolactinemia, sexual dysfunction, and neutropenia. Alternatively, the potential of nasal delivery has also been explored to treat CNS complications by delivering the medicines directly to the brain bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Hence, the objectives of current work were to formulate, design, optimize, and investigate the therapeutic potency of PPD-loaded intranasal in-situ gel (PPGISG) in the treatment of schizophrenia. PPD-nanoemulsion (PNE) was fabricated using water titration technique, was further optimized via Box-Behnken design. Furthermore, the optimized PNE was evaluated for parameters such as globule size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and % entrapment efficiency were found to be 21.44 ± 1.58 nm, 0.268 ± 0.02, -25.56 ± 1.6 mV, and 99.89 ± 0.25%, respectively. PNE was further converted to PPGISG utilizing two polymers, poloxamer, and guar gum. Simultaneously, ex-vivo permeation for PNE, PPGISG, and PPD-suspension was found to be 211.40 ± 4.8, 297.89 ± 3.9 and 98.66 ± 1.6 μg/cm2, respectively. While PPGISG nanoparticles showed 1.58 and 5.65-folds more Jss than PNE and PPD-suspension. Behavioral studies confirmed that no extrapyramidal symptoms were observed in experimental animals post intranasal administration. Finally, the outcomes of the in-vivo hemato-compatibility study proved that intranasal formulation did not cause any alteration in leukocytes, RBCs, and neutrophils count. Therefore, intranasal delivery of PPGISG can be considered a novel tool for the safe delivery of PPD in schizophrenic patients. © 2022 Académie Nationale de Pharmacie

World University root node

Pharmacy

Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises

Nose-to-brain delivery of paliperidone palmitate poloxamer-guar gum nanogel: Formulation, optimization and pharmacological studies in rats [Administration du nez au cerveau d'un nanogel de palmitate de palipéridone et de poloxamère-gomme de guar: formulation, optimisation et études pharmacologiques chez le rat]

Various infections such as bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infectious diseases are playing a pivotal role in causing minor complications to serious threat to mankind. Especially viral infections like HIV, malaria, dengue, hepatitis, and COVID-19 are very dangerous and difficult to treat. Nature has long been seen with materials that can be used to combat illnesses and treat diseases. The need of the hour is to explore new medications and novel targets to treat infected people from natural sources. Bioactives and plant extracts obtained from natural products are enriched with a lot of potential antiviral medication candidates. Furthermore, phytomedicines and phytotherapy are gaining attention as they are economical and safe alternatives to other treatments. The current chapter deals with the utility of natural products in infectious diseases such as HIV, malaria, dengue, hepatitis, and COVID-19. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Viral, Parasitic, Bacterial, and Fungal Infections: Antimicrobial, Host Defense, and Therapeutic Strategies

Role of natural products in infectious diseases

Background: The data presented in this article for Ficus glomerata Linn. belonging to family Moraceace which is commonly found all over India. This study aimed towards the development and validation of high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for simultaneous estimation of lupeol and quercetin from Ficus glomerata and correlate with its antidiabetic potential. Methods: The various fractions of ethanolic extract of Ficus glomerata root were prepared. The HPTLC analysis of quercetin and lupeol which are the important phytoconstituents responsible for various pharmacological actions was carried out at 525 nm. ICH guidelines were followed to validate this method for accuracy, precision and repeatability. Results: The linearity range of quercetin and lupeol were obtained as 400-2400 ng/spot and 1000-5000 ng/spot respectively. Percent drug content was highest in diethyl ether fraction (quercetin 2531.8 ng and lupeol 1400 ng). The limit of detection value (LOD) obtained for quercetin and lupeol was 3.0793 and 3.1645 ng and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 9.3314 and 9.5895 ng respectively. This method developed was accurate, precise and simple has shown higher resolution from other phytoconstituents present in the fractions. The method can be very effectively applied for analyzing the quality of herbal material and formulations containing Ficus glomerata. Antidiabetic activity of various fractions of ethanolic extract of Ficus glomerata roots was studied on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Treatment with fractions was continued for 11 days. The effect of the fractions on glucose was analyzed. Diabetic rats treated with diethyl ether fraction exhibited a significant (p<0.05) decrease in glucose levels, indicating the potential use of Ficus glomerata in diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: As per the ICH guidelines, the HPTLC method used for simultaneous estimation of lupeol and quercetin was accurate, precise and specific. The method used for phytochemical standardization of various fractions of ethanolic extract of the roots of Ficus glomerata and correlated with its antidiabetic activity. © 2022, Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India. All rights reserved.

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research

Antidiabetic Potential of Ficus glomerata Roots with a Special Emphasis on Estimation of Bioactive Compounds by a Novel Validated HPTLC Technique

A new HPTLC method for simultaneous determination of Canagliflozin and Metformin was developed, validated and compared with the reported one. An excellent resolution with Rf values 0.21±0.02 and 0.50±0.03 for Metformin and Canagliflozin respectively was achieved by using optimized chromatographic conditions. Toluene: Methanol: Triethyl amine: Glacial Acetic acid (7:2.6:0.2:0.2, v/v/v/v) was chosen as a mobile phase. Detection was done at 254nm. When marketed formulation was analyzed by developed method, the % drug contents were found to be 98.20±0.24 and 99.33±1.80% w/w for Metformin and Canagliflozin respectively. Developed method was validated for linearity and range, DL, QL, accuracy, precision, robustness and specificity. The method was found to be linear, accurate, precise, robust and sensitive. The method was found to be linear in a range of 75-750ng/band of Canagliflozin with R2 value 0.9981 and 250-2500ng/band of Metformin with R2 value 0.9963. Detection and quantitation limits were found to be 8.01 and 24.28ng/band for Metformin and 8.27 and 25.07ng/band for Canagliflozin respectively. The % drug recovery was calculated as a measure of accuracy. The % drug recovery was found to be near to 100 %w/w confirmed the accuracy of the method. In case of precision studies, %RSD values were found to be less than two indicated, the method is precise. The % RSD values of deliberate variations like amount of mobile phase, saturation time were found to be less than two showed method is robust. The developed method was compared with the reported method and found to be more linear, accurate, precise and sensitive. © RJPT All right reserved.

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Development of new Validated HPTLC Method for simultaneous estimation of Canagliflozin and Metformin in Tablet Formulation

Euphorbia fusiformis Buch.-Ham.Ex D.Don, (Synonym: Euphorbia acaulis Roxb) is an infrequent medicinal, geophytic herb belonging to family Euphorbiaceae. The latex obtained from tubers of Euphorbia fusiformis was traditionally used as an antidote in scorpion and snake bites. Fresh latex has been externally applied to heal chronic wounds and cracks and to cure skin diseases. Previous research on the Euphorbia fusifornis primarily focused on phytochemical investigation and pharmacological screening of various solvent extracts of dried root powder. Considering the therapeutic potential of the latex, there is a need to explore the studies on plant latex. The present work deals with the determination of physicochemical properties, preliminary phytochemical analysis and acute oral toxicity study of latex of Euphorbia fusiformis. Physicochemical characterization and preliminary phytochemical studies were carried out by using ethanolic solution of latex. The studies revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids and saponins. Acute oral toxicity study of latex were carried out by acute toxic class method of OECD 423 guideline. Euphorbia fusiformis latex was found to be safe at the dose of 2000 mg/kg and therefore characterized as Category 5 in the GHS system. It is concluded that further studies are essential for isolation and identification of chemical constituents from Euphorbia fusiformis and screening of pharmacological activities to support the traditional claims. © RJPT All right reserved.

Preliminary Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis and Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Latex of an Ethnomedicinal Plant Euphorbia fusiformis Buch.-Ham.Ex D.Don

Background: When a person's haemoglobin levels fall below acceptable levels, it is known as anemia, in the expressions of the World Health Organization. Anemia impacts an estimated 24.8% of the world i.e., about 1.62 billion people. The global frequency of anemia was 25% between 1993 and 2005. The prevalent cause of anemia in the world is iron deficiency. About two billion people across the world are iron deficient. Method: It is a review-based article. The authors reviewed different existing research papers on PubMed, science direct and web of science databases. Authors also took help of government-based information and findings. Objective: Despite growing national and international attention, as well as current government prevention strategies, the occurrence of anemia in Indians, particularly women, has remained at 45% since 1990, and is significantly connected to deficiency of iron. Thus, being a growing threat. As a result, it is becoming an increasing menace. Findings: A persistently high level of anemia among Indian women that is about 53% of all women have anemia, according to the National Family Health Survey (2015–2016) is a serious concern, and the 2017 National Health Policy recognizes such a high burden which is proposed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Conclusion: Although there are still significant technological hurdles in the detection of anemia in the general population, identifying its occurrence and severity is crucial. Many nations have long-standing programs aimed at preventing and controlling iron deficiency anemia, but only a handful have a well-coordinated plan to address the disease. The country's present health data infrastructure should be combined with a constant monitoring and assessment methodology so that it becomes second nature. © 2022 The Authors

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

A micro review of a nutritional public health challenge: Iron deficiency anemia in India

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was originally identified in Wuhan city of China in December 2019 and it spread rapidly throughout the globe, causing a threat to human life. Since targeted therapies are deficient, scientists all over the world have an opportunity to develop novel drug therapies to combat COVID-19. After the declaration of a global medical emergency, it was established that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) could permit the use of emergency testing, treatments, and vaccines to decrease suffering, and loss of life, and restore the nation's health and security. The FDA has approved the use of remdesivir and its analogs as an antiviral medication, to treat COVID-19. The primary protease of SARS-CoV-2, which has the potential to regulate coronavirus proliferation, has been a viable target for the discovery of medicines against SARS-CoV-2. The present research deals with the in silico technique to screen phytocompounds from a traditional medicinal plant, Bauhinia variegata for potential inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Dried leaves of the plant B. variegata were used to prepare aqueous and methanol extract and the constituents were analyzed using the GC-MS technique. A total of 57 compounds were retrieved from the aqueous and methanol extract analysis. Among these, three lead compounds (2,5 dimethyl 1-H Pyrrole, 2,3 diphenyl cyclopropyl methyl phenyl sulphoxide, and Benzonitrile m phenethyl) were shown to have the highest binding affinity (−5.719 to −5.580 kcal/mol) towards SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The post MD simulation results also revealed the favorable confirmation and stability of the selected lead compounds with Mpro as per trajectory analysis. The Prime MM/GBSA binding free energy supports this finding, the top lead compound 2,3 diphenyl cyclopropyl methyl phenyl sulphoxide showed high binding free energy (−64.377 ± 5.24 kcal/mol) towards Mpro which reflects the binding stability of the molecule with Mpro. The binding free energy of the complexes was strongly influenced by His, Gln, and Glu residues. All of the molecules chosen are found to have strong pharmacokinetic characteristics and show drug-likeness properties. The lead compounds present acute toxicity (LD50) values ranging from 670 mg/kg to 2500 mg/kg; with toxicity classifications of 4 and 5 classes. Thus, these compounds could behave as probable lead candidates for treatment against SARS-CoV-2. However further in vitro and in vivo studies are required for the development of medication against SARS-CoV-2. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

Computers in Biology and Medicine

GC-MS profiling of Bauhinia variegata major phytoconstituents with computational identification of potential lead inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro

Background: Analysis of tertiary mixtures of analytes along with their impurities with simple and cost effective manner is always of interest. Utility of chemometric techniques are growing in pharmaceuticals, it improve speediness in the analysis and also provide analytical solutions with reduce the number of steps in the analytical method. In this study UV-Visible spectrophotometry coupled with principle component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS) multivariate methods was applied for estimation of three drugs in their formulation. Method: The calibration and validation sets were prepared in linear concentration range of three drugs and major impurities of paracetamol and aceclofenac. The series of sets were prepared using multilevel multifactorial design. Leave-One-Out (LOO) cross validation technique was employed to get essential number of Latent variables (LVs) that provides the greatest predictive ability. The developed method was studied for qualitative and quantitative analysis of titled drugs and validated as per regulatory guidelines. Results: The results showed the values of coefficient of determination (R2) for all drugs and impurities was higher than 0.99 indicating high acceptability. The obtained RMSE values were relatively low. Coefficient of determination and RMSE values indicate good accuracy and precision, respectively. Conclusion: Proposed method was successfully used for analysis of aceclofenac, paracetamol and chlorzoxazone in tablet dosage form and major impurities of aceclofenac, paracetamol in bulk. © 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). All rights reserved.

School of Petroleum Engineering

Engineering and Technology

Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal

Development and validation of chemometric-assisted spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous estimation of aceclofenac, paracetamol, and chlorzoxazone with impurities

Raktavardhak kadha is a polyherbal formulation available in the Indian market as a nutritional supplement for the treatment of anemia. The present study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical content and in vitro antioxidant activity of Raktavardhak kadha. A preliminary phytochemical analysis of Raktavardhak kadha was performed to detect the presence of various classes of phytochemicals. The total phenolic and tannin contents were estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The aluminium chloride colorimetric method was used for the estimation of the total flavonoid content of Raktavardhak kadha. Antioxidant activity was analyzed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay method. Phytochemical analysis indicated the existence of saponins, steroids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds in the Raktavardhak kadha. The total phenolic content of Raktavardhak kadha was found to be 86.5 mg of gallic acid equivalent per milliliter. The total tannin content of Raktavardhak kadha was found to be 73.33 mg of gallic acid equivalent per milliliter. The total flavonoid content of Raktavardhak kadha was 95.4 mg of quercetin equivalent per milliliter. In the DPPH assay, the IC50 of Raktavardhak kadha was found to be 92.53 ppm. It is concluded that the RK is rich in phytochemical content and has antioxidant properties indicating its high medicinal values. It appears that the presence of flavonoids is responsible for the beneficial effects of Raktavardhak kadha in anemic patients. © RJPT All right reserved.

Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Property of Polyherbal Formulation, Raktavardhak Kadha

Good nutrition plays a vital role in the overall growth, health, and immunity of human beings. Optimum immune function protects the body from pathogenic infections and malignancy (cancer). Because of traditional literature documentations, medicinal plants such as fenugreek are gaining interest as good nutrition and immune enhancement sources. Fenugreek is documented as an immunomodulatory and growth-promoting dietary spice in traditional literature. Furthermore, the immune enhancement potential and use in management for infection, immunology, and cancer have been recorded in many reported modern scientific studies. The present chapter reviews the existing body of evidence involving the exploration of fenugreek for the optimum growth, immunity enhancement, and management of immunological (allergic, autoimmune) infectious and malignant (cancer) disorders with their suggested mechanism of actions. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Dilip Ghosh and Prasad Thakurdesai, individual chapters, the contributors.