MIT-World Peace University (MIT-WPU) is a top educational institute located in Pune, India. It is recognized within&nbsp;UGC under Government of Maharashtra Act No. XXXV 2017.&nbsp;

It is part of the MIT group of institutions (established in 1983) which covers 10+ campuses across India and has more than 50,000+ students enrolled across various disciplines at a given point of time. The institute houses 15 schools ranging from Engineering &amp; Technology, Design, Pharmacy, Commerce, Governance among others. It offers undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD programs among different disciplines.&nbsp;

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MIT World Peace University

School of Pharmacy

Aims: To prepare solid lipid nanopaticles (SLNs) of Ketoprofen (KP) using microwave method. Ketoprofen (KP) is 2-(3-benzolphenyl) propionic acid with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic property. The drug has a short half-life of 120 mins. It belongs to BCS Class II drug. Gastric irritation is a major limitation for delivery because of acidic nature of the drug. The development of solid lipid nanoparticles with its transdermal drug delivery was the aim of the present work. Methods: Microwave-assisted microemulsion technique was used for the development of solid lipid nanoparticles. Stearic acid was used as lipid and tween 80 was used as a surfactant. By vary-ing the type of lipid and input energy watt, batches were formulated. SLNs were evaluated for zeta potential, drug entrapment, particle size and in-vitro drug release. Crystallinity behaviour was deter-mined by differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated for batch M4 of SLNs. The gel was prepared for M4 batch. It was evaluated for viscosity, pH, drug content, in-vitro and ex-vivo diffusion study. Results: SLNs were developed successfully. Based on the size, entrapment efficiency, stability and drug release, batch M4 was selected. SLNs showed 74.8% entrapment efficiency. Forty-fold im-provement was observed in the solubility. The particle size was 682.9 nm and average size 1047 nm. PDI was 0.685 and zeta potential was-29.5 mV. M4 SLNs batch of gel showed burst release followed by a controlled release for 8 hrs in in-vitro drug release. Conclusion: SLNs were successfully prepared by Microwave-assisted microemulsion technique. SLNs with anti-inflammatory activity were successfully developed with their transdermal delivery. © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.

Pharmacy

World University root node

Recent Advances in Inflammation and Allergy Drug Discovery

Transdermal Anti-inflammatory Delivery for Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Ketoprofen by Microwave-assisted Microemulsion

Aim: To design, synthesize, anti-inflammatory \&amp; anticonvulsant activity of substituted coumarin acetohydrazide derivatives. Study Design: Experimental work related to Anti-inflammatory \&amp; Anticonvulsant activity. Methodology: Coumarin acetohydrazide derivatives were synthesized by reacting substituted isatin with 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-coumarin in glacial acetic acid to determine their anti-inflammatory \&amp; anticonvulsant activities. Molecular docking study was performed against the COX enzyme for anti-inflammatory activity \&amp; carbonic anhydrase II enzyme for anticonvulsant activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was done by carrageenan induced paw edema method in rats at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight. Anticonvulsant activity was studied in rats at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight; in the maximal electroshock (MES) induced seizures model. Results: (Z)-2-(4,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)oxy)-N-(5-nitro-2-oxoindolin-3 -ylidine) aceto- hydrazide and (Z)-2-(4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7yl) oxy)-N-(1-methyl-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene) acetohydrazide showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity as compared to Celecoxib after 5 h with 71.94 to 77.96 \% inhibition. Most of the compounds displayed anticonvulsant activity in the MES screen at a dose 200 mg/kg. Out of twelve compounds (Z)-N-(5-chloro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-24(4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-y l) oxy) acetohydrazide and (Z)-2-((4-methyl-2-oxo-2-Hchromen-7yl) oxy)-N-(1-methyl-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene) acetohydrazide shown most significant activity with remarkable protection (67\%) against MES induced convulsions. The structure-activity relationship concluded valuable pharmacophoric information, that the substitution on isatin ring has a significant effect on preventing inflammation \&amp; the seizure formation. Conclusion: From the molecular docking study \&amp; biological activity determines that all synthesized coumarin acetohydrazide derivatives shows anti-inflammatory activity as compared to Celecoxib \&amp; anticonvulsant activity as compared to Phenytoin.

JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL

Design, Synthesis, Anti-inflammatory \&amp; Anticonvulsant Activity of Substituted Heterocyclic Compounds

Objectives: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a very potent and effective antineoplastic drug that has been widely used for the management of various types of cancer. However, the clinical use of 5-FU is often associated with severe toxicities including hepatotoxicity, which limit its therapeutic use as a potent anticancer agent. The present study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of a plant phenolic acid, gentisic acid (GA) (2,5-dihyroxybenzoic acid), against hepatotoxicity induced by 5-FU administration in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The rats were randomly divided into six groups, with six rats per group. Among these, group I and II served as normal control and 5-FU control groups, respectively. The rats in these groups received distilled water (1 mL/kg) for 14 days by oral route. Groups III, IV, V and VI served as test groups and received GA at doses of 3, 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg body weight, respectively, via oral route for 14 days. From Day 9 onwards, all the groups, except group I, received intraperitoneal dose of 5-FU (20 mg/kg body weight) for five days up to day 14. At the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed, blood was withdrawn for biochemical estimations and hepatic tissues were excised for histopathological evaluations. Results: Administration of 5-FU at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight resulted in a significant increase in the serum levels of hepatic biomarkers, including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, direct bilirubin and total bilirubin. In comparison to these, 5-FU treatment resulted in a reduction in total protein content (TPC). This was accompanied by significant histopathological changes in the hepatic tissues of the rats, indicating severe hepatotoxicity. Pre-and co-administration of GA with 5-FU at doses of 30 and 100 mg/kg body weight for 14 days resulted in a dose-dependent amelioration of the 5-FU induced alterations in the biochemical and histopathological parameters. Conclusion: The results of the study highlighted the potential of GA as a hepatoprotective agent for the prevention of 5-FU-induced hepatotoxicity.

Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Hepatoprotective activity of gentisic acid on 5-fluorouracil-induced hepatotoxicity in wistar rats

International Journal of Recent Scientific Research 12 (01(A))

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF QUERCETIN IN Tagetes Erecta EXTRACT

Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology

Covid-19: An Account On Novel Coronavirus Disease

Designing nano-substrates (NS) that support three-dimensional (3D) cell growth using physico-chemical interventions mimicking the cellular microenvironment is highly challenging. Here we report NS that assist 3D cell development (3D NS) using multi-components on a glass substrate (2D GS), which mimics the ex vivo tissue microenvironment and promotes 3D cell growth superior to conventional 2D cell culturing methodologies. 3D NS were chemically fabricated by linking the combination of advanced materials imparting different physico-chemical traits, for example, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene (G), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNP). We compared cell-substrate interactions resulting in cellular morphological changes, influence on the cell circularity index (CI), nuclear-cytoplasmic ratios (N/C), and nuclear compression or derangements using human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. We observed the increase in N/C, extended on the 3D NS micro-environment as indicative of cellular adaptation and the transformation. HCT116 and HeLa cells on 2D GS showed an N/C ratio <0.3, and 3D NS cultured cells exhibited a higher N/C ratio (>0.5). The most significant increase in the ratio, relative to arrested cell spreading, was observed with G-3D NS. Furthermore, 3D NS were evaluated for the cell viability differentiations using the anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox). The drug-treated cells on 3D NS demonstrated far-displaced N/C ratios compared to 2D GS. In conclusion, 3D NS systems implicate an 'in vitro to in vivo' relevance for the outcome in cell biology, cell proliferation and migration, and in anticancer drug efficacy evaluation. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Nanoscale

Designing 3D-nanosubstrates mimicking biological cell growth: Pitfalls of using 2D substrates in the evaluation of anticancer efficiency

The practice of multifunctional excipients is gaining more and more attention as it simplifies the process of drug formulation by substituting the necessity of using mixture of many excipients. The multifunctional excipients are the class of excipients which includes pre--processed and co-processed excipients and it provides added functionalities to the formulation. Functionality of an excipient is a useful property which helps in manufacturing and improves quality as well as applicability of the material. Researchers have identified that single component excipients may not always give the required results during development and manufacturing of definite API, hence they are concentrating to develop multifunctional excipients which will have improved quality that will fulfil the requirements of the formulation experts in terms of cost. The cost of new excipient development is very high as it demands toxicity studies, hence the industry is now focusing on co-processing of approved materials. The demand for directly compressible co-processed excipients has also increased due to the availability of high-speed tableting machines, time saving in Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA), simplified validation and stability of active ingredients. The intention of this review article is to highlight applicability and increasing attention focusing the benefits of co-processed excipients. Their advantages over conventional blend of excipients include development methods, testing and also highlighting their regulatory consideration.

A Review on Multifunctional Excipients with Regulatory Considerations

Aim: The Cost effective, Accurate, Precise Accelerated degradation method has been developed for determination of Atorvastatin and Amlodipine in combination dosage form of tablet and validated as directed by ICH guidelines. Objectives: To develop and validate analytical method which can be easily adoptable in frequent analysis of Amlodipine and Atorvastatin combinations in the laboratories. Materials and Methods: The 0.02 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate: acetonitrile: methanol (30:10:60 v/v/v) was used as mobile phase and pH 4 adjusted using ortho phosphoric acid at flow rate 1.0 ml/min. The column used for method development was Octadecylsilane-C18 (5 $\mu$m, 25 cm × 4.6mm, i. d.). The peaks obtained in the chromatogram were well resoluted. The scanning wavelength used was 244 nm with PDA detector. Results: The linearity for both the drugs was found between 05-30 $\mu$g/ml for both drugs with regression coefficient equation 0.995 and 0.999 at retention time 8.32 min and 11.09 min for Amlodipine and Atorvastatin respectively. The results obtained were statistically validated as directed by ICH guidelines and was found satisfactory. Conclusion: The developed and validated method was found to be very specific, accurate and precise. It can be utilized for routine analysis of combined dosage form of Amlodipine and Atorvastatin in the laboratory.

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research

Rp-hplc accelerated degradation method development and validation for determination of amlodipine and atorvastatin in combination dosage form of tablet

Background and Objective: Fluconazole (FLZ) is a novel triazole antifungistatic drug; topical administration of FLZ resulted in systemic absorption and skin inflammation, and thereby failed to achieve mycological eradication, resulting in low patient compliance and undermining therapy effectiveness. The aim of this study was to use the emulsion solvent evaporation technique to create FLZ-loaded nanosponges (NSs) using ethylcellulose (EC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a stabiliser. Materials and Method: By varying the drug concentration (FLZ), EC, and PVA, four formulations were developed, each of which was then optimized through particle characterization (polydispersity index (PDI), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential (ZP), drug entrapment, and loading efficiency). Results: SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) analysis showed that the particle sizes of FLZ inclusion complexes ranged from 150 2 to 250 5 nm. The ZP was strong enough to produce stable formulations. FLZ was released from the nano sponges in a regulated manner for 24 hours in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. FTIR and DSC were used to validate the association of the FLZ with the nanosponges. The crystalline nature of FLZ was modified to an amorphous state due to the complexation with the nanosponges, according to an XRPD analysis. The FLZ nanosponges were found to be stable in a stability analysis. Conclusion: Therefore, ethyl cellulose-based nanosponges provide a novel method for controlling the release of FLZ for antifungal effects.

Formulation and Evaluation of Ethyl Cellulose Based Fluconazole Nanosponges

Emblica officinalis (EO) (Family: Euphorbiaceae), commonly called Amla, is a traditional plant, occurring commonly in deciduous forests in India and widely used globally for the management of various ailments. When its phytochemistry is studied in detail, it reveals the presence of vitamin C, ellagic acid, gallic acid, phyllemblin, tannin, phyllemblic acid, lipids and emblicol. The fruit of this plant is commonly used for a cooling, diuretic, laxative activity. It is also used for the treatment of anemia, jaundice and dyspepsia. The seeds are used for the management of different respiratory tract disorders such as bronchitis, asthma and digestive problems. Various scientists and researchers have isolated the parts of this plant for studying its pharmacological activities and therapeutic approaches. They have explored this plant for its hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, cytoprotective, antitumor, antifungal and antiulcer activity. Further, this plant is also claimed to have other beneficial effects in Ayurveda and traditional medicines. This plant is common and widely available. It is consumed by various Indian people routinely. It is important ingredient of cosmetics, shampoos, hair oils, dyes and famous health tonic Chyavanprash. Though, various literature is available on this plant and fruit but due to interest and curiosity to further explore the information of its uses, chemical composition, pharmacological activities of extract and its isolated compounds and safety profile, the present review paper is planned. This information will be useful for further research of this plant.