MIT-World Peace University (MIT-WPU) is a top educational institute located in Pune, India. It is recognized within&nbsp;UGC under Government of Maharashtra Act No. XXXV 2017.&nbsp;

It is part of the MIT group of institutions (established in 1983) which covers 10+ campuses across India and has more than 50,000+ students enrolled across various disciplines at a given point of time. The institute houses 15 schools ranging from Engineering &amp; Technology, Design, Pharmacy, Commerce, Governance among others. It offers undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD programs among different disciplines.&nbsp;

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MIT World Peace University

School of Mechanical Engineering

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Engineering and Technology

Materials Today: Proceedings

A review on the factors that decrease the performance of a solar water heater

School of Computer Engineering & Technology

Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems

Slider-Crank Four-Bar Mechanism-Based Ornithopter: Design and Simulation

The drag force acting on the vehicle has a significant role in the braking efficiency of the vehicle. The braking efficiency is directly proportional to the drag force acting on vehicle. Using add-on gadgets on the vehicle, the drag force can be enhanced. This paper deals with the effect of an additional air drag braking system on drag force of a passenger car. The drag force and drag coefficient of a passenger car is estimated by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. An increase in the drag force is observed to the attachment of an additional air drag braking system. In order to optimize the dimensions of the drag braking system for the highest drag force, Taguchi Optimisation is performed. It is found that optimized drag braking system improves the braking efficiency of passenger car. The experimental analysis is performed on a clay model of a passenger car with reduced scale 1:16 in a wind tunnel. It is found that the amount of braking effort is reduced significantly due to the application of this new concept, air drag braking system. The numerical analysis results appear to be in good agreement with those from experimental analysis. © 2022

Analysis for effect of optimized air drag braking system on the drag force of vehicle

The heat transfer equipments with higher heat transfer ability are needed in several industrial applications. With conventional methods, size of the device increases and it becomes bulky. With the use of metal foam, it is possible to attain large ratios of surface to volume. Therefore, using metal foam in heat exchanging devices is crucial. The main reason behind the use of metal foam over conventional method is its weight-saving and impact-absorbing structures. Insertion of metal foam in heat exchangers for various applications can lead to greater effectiveness and heat transfer enhancement. It has been observed that very few researchers have participated in the area of double tube heat exchangers (DTHE) having annular spaces filled with metal foam. The present work deals with numerical and CFD analysis of double tube heat exchanger (DTHE) with metal foam having different pore densities differing from 10 PPI to 50 PPI &amp; performance evaluation of the same by taking hot water stream and cold water stream as working fluids. The modelling was created in Creo &amp; simulation was done with k-omega (2 equation) viscous model in Ansys fluent flow. In the present work, double tube heat exchanger was considered in counter flow mode with inner sided tube (Stainless Steel) ID 9.5 mm &amp; OD 12.7 mm and outer sided tube (Galvanized Iron) ID 28 mm &amp; OD 33.8 mm. For fully developed turbulent flow, total length was considered as 1.5 m. The water streams through inner tube and annular space were flowing at uniform and constant flow rates of 2 lpm and 10 lpm respectively. Hot water and cold water inlet temperatures were taken at 800c &amp; 300c respectively. For the analysis nickel metal foam with 10 PPI to 50 PPI with 0.9 porosity was inserted in the annular spaces of DTHE. For different pore densities comparative analysis was done. It was found that with rise in pore density of metal foam heat transfer rate (HTC) and pressure drop increased for both numerical &amp; mathematical results. CFD simulation results were in good agreement with results obtained from empirical correlations taken from literature. © 2022

Investigations on tube in tube metal foam heat exchanger

The heat transfer can be done more efficiently with various methods. These methods are mostly used to save energy and materials and hence helping to make a financially effective method good enough to keep going long and fill its need. This paper enlists the various sorts of heat transfer enhancement techniques used. In recent times, there has been a considerable amount of research being carried out in the scope of improving the heat transfer. These methods can be broadly classified into three divisions: active, passive, and compound. The practises that require an outer wellspring of force are termed as the active methods, while the ones that don’t need an outer wellspring of force are referred to as the passive methods. The compound methods are the ones that use complex designs which limits their use. The main aim is to deal with the various types of heat transfer techniques and get a desired detailed information about them. The paper goes into the details using ribs in fin and tube heat exchanger to make a more efficient heat transfer. It is observed that for the normal fin and tube heat exchanger the heat enhancement was around 30% which was increased to 34% with the help of eight ribs on each side of fins. There is a slight increase in the heat transfer with an increase in the number of ribs. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

Heat Transfer Enhancement of Fin and Tube Heat Exchanger Using Ribs

Dental implants are getting common these days and have become alternate to orthodox techniques. A dental implant is a surgical component that interfaces with the bone to support a dental prosthetic device such as a crown, bridge, or to act as an orthodontic anchor. The result of any implant process relies on bone density, implant design, and surgical techniques. During surgery to place the dental implant, the oral surgeon makes a cut to open gum and expose the bone. Holes are drilled into the bone, where the dental implant post will be placed. In the dentistry techniques such as conventional drilling, osteotome technique and osseodensification are used to prepare the site for implant. Among these techniques, conventional drilling is widely used. However, it has drawbacks such as longer bone healing periods, lower primary stability, and high heat generation. The main aim of our review is to put forward a detailed description of better and alternative surgical techniques for implant site preparation. A systematic description and categorization of these methods are given along with their benefits. Surgical procedures like osteotome technique (bone condensation) and osseodensification (bone expansion) have been studied for this review. These methods have demonstrated to improve osseointegration which in turn increases the implant stability as well as the healing period. Thus, adopting these methods will significantly improve the stability and quality of the implant. Nevertheless, additional research is needed to study more efficient techniques which will make the process of implant site preparation easier and quicker. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Effect of Various Tools on Bone Condensing to Improve the Stability of Dental Implant

Dental implants act as a bridge between the oral environment and deep core structures of the jaw. The temperature rise leading to heat generation in the course of operation of the dental implants results in thermal injury of the adjoining bone tissue to the implant site resulting into implant failure. Present review is focused on existing research done in the heat generation and its distribution during dental implant drilling. Various factors such as drill speed, drill design, mode of irrigation, depth of drill, drill diameter, drill material that affect osseointegration due to heat generated while drilling, are compared. The motive of this review is to assess the various factors that are responsible for heat generation and their effects on osseointegration during osteotomy. A systematic study reveals that the rise in the temperature at the implant site mainly depends upon the drill speed, drill diameter, depth of drill as well as irrigation used. The purpose of this review is taking these factors into consideration to find out the best possible parameters during implantation to avoid bone necrosis. The temperature during dental implantation ranges from 35 ℃ to 43 ℃ while in some in-vitro studies the temperature increases up to 50 ℃ was observed which is not admissible due to the thermally induced necrosis. © 2022

Heat generation during implant site preparation and its effects on osseointegration: A review

The aim of this paper is to formulate a mathematical model of dental prosthetic using single degree of freedom (SDOF) to assess the micro-displacement under electromagnetic excitation. Using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and values from literature, stiffness and damping values of the mathematical model were estimated. For ensuring the successful implantation of dental implant system, monitoring of primary stability in terms of micro-displacement is crucial. One of the most popular techniques for the measurement of stability is the Frequency Response Analysis (FRA). This technique assesses the resonant frequency of vibration corresponding to the maximum micro-displacement (micro-mobility) of the implant. Among the different FRA techniques, the most common method is the Electromagnetic FRA. The subsequent displacement of the implant in the bone is estimated by equations of vibration. A comparison has been made to observe the variation in resonance frequency and micro-displacement due to varying input frequency ranges of 1–40 Hz. The micro-displacement and corresponding resonance frequency were plotted using MATLAB and the variation in resonance frequency is found to be negligible. The present mathematical model is a preliminary approach to understand the variation of micro-displacement with reference to electromagnetic excitation force and to obtain the resonance frequency. The present study validated the use of input frequency ranges (1–30 Hz) with negligible variation in micro-displacement and corresponding resonance frequency. However, input frequency ranges beyond 31–40 Hz is not recommended due to large variation in micromotion and corresponding resonance frequency. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

A mathematical approach to estimate micro-displacement of a dental implant using electromagnetic Frequency Response Analysis

Background/Purpose: Dental implant fails due to mechanical failure of the implant contribute to about 10-15 % of implant failures. It is necessary to prevent the design failure of the implant since it leads to bone loss which further leads to complications in reimplantation. This makes it important to test the design of a dental implant using FEM and in vitro testing before its application. The purpose of this article is to test the design of a dental implant using in vitro testing by using an artificial bone model and validation of the data using Finite Element Method (FEM). Methods: A dental implant was selected for in vitro testing and 3D FE analysis was conducted to observe the stress values. The in vitro study was done on a custom designed testing rig where the implant was drilled into a ABS and sawbone (polyurethane) bone model. Vertical and lateral loads of 100 N and 40 N respectively, were applied to evaluate the micro-strains using strain gauge technique. 3D FEA technique was used to evaluate stress concentrations and micro-strains in the bone-implant interface. Results: The strain values were found to be higher in the case of lateral loading than vertical loading with in vitro testing. The von-mises stresses on the cortical bone were greater at the bone-implant interface near the neck region of the implant. Conclusions: The results obtained from the in vitro analysis and FEA were found to have a good agreement with an error percentage of 2–5 %. © 2022 IPEM

Medical Engineering and Physics

Strain based in vitro analysis of dental implant using artificial bone model and validation by numerical technique

As implant materials, titanium and its alloys have been extensively utilized because of their exceptional mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Despite this, corporations and researchers alike have kept up their aggressive pursuit of better alloys since there are still issues that require immediate attention. One of these causes a problem with stress shielding as a noticeable variation in the elastic modulus of the implant material. Ti alloys release harmful ions after extended usage. The poor bioactivity of the Ti alloy surface slows the healing process. In order to address these problems, additional research has concentrated on developing Ti alloys for the 21st century that contain a more suitable phase and change the surface of the alloy from inherently bioinert to bioactive. This study assesses the knowledge presently existing on the biological, chemical, mechanical, and electrochemical characteristics of important β-Ti alloys created in recent years with the objective to provide scientific justification for using β-titanium-based alloys as a substitute for cpTi. Dental implants might be made using β-Ti alloys as an alternative. The enhanced alloy qualities, which include a lower modulus of elasticity, improved strength, suitable biocompatibility, and good abrasion and excellent resistance to corrosion, offer the essential proof. Additionally, structural, chemical, and thermomechanical modifications to β-Ti alloys allow for the production of materials that may be tailored to the needs of unique instances for clinical practises. By researching the paper, the performance and attributes of β-titanium alloy are compared to those of other forms of titanium alloy, such as α titanium alloys. To support their usage as cpTi substitutes, in vivo studies are required to assess new β-titanium alloys. © 2023 World Scientific Publishing Company.