MIT-World Peace University (MIT-WPU) is a top educational institute located in Pune, India. It is recognized within&nbsp;UGC under Government of Maharashtra Act No. XXXV 2017.&nbsp;

It is part of the MIT group of institutions (established in 1983) which covers 10+ campuses across India and has more than 50,000+ students enrolled across various disciplines at a given point of time. The institute houses 15 schools ranging from Engineering &amp; Technology, Design, Pharmacy, Commerce, Governance among others. It offers undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD programs among different disciplines.&nbsp;

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MIT World Peace University

Being one of the fast emerging Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, low power wide area networks (LPWANs) offer power-efficient, long range and low bit rate communication for the machine to machine (M2M) and other IoT use cases. Long Range (LoRa), a prominent LPWAN technology, utilizes the unlicensed Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band, which is already getting crowded because of dense deployments of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Network (LR-WPAN) and other applications. To avoid channel congestion in LoRa networks, the use of TV white spaces (TVWS) is a promising solution. This paper presents a new path loss model for LoRa based communication using TVWS for outdoor applications. We studied and evaluated energy consumption and uplink delivery rate for a number of end devices, gateways, and coverage at TVWS frequencies. The proposed model reduces path loss and energy consumption at the TVWS frequencies by 4% and 18%, respectively, compared to the existing techniques. The results also show an improvement in uplink delivery rate by 4%, 19% and 25% for different scenarios with varying area radius, number of gateways and end devices, respectively. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of Computer Applications and Management.

School of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Engineering and Technology

International Journal of Information Technology (Singapore)

Energy efficient LoRa transmission over TV white spaces

Low power wide area network (LPWAN) is a wireless communication technology that offers large coverage, low data rates, and low power consumption, making it a suitable choice for the growing Internet of Things and machine-to-machine communication applications. Long range (LoRa), an LPWAN technology, has recently been used in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band for various low-power wireless applications. The coverage and data rate supported by these devices in the ISM band is well-studied in the literature. In this paper, we study the usage of TV white spaces (TVWS) for LoRa transmissions to address the growing spectrum demand. Additionally, the range and data rate of TVWS-based LoRa, for different transmission parameter values using different path-loss models and for various scenarios such as free space, outdoor and indoor are investigated. A path-loss model for TVWS-based LoRa is also proposed and explored, and the evaluations show that TVWS offers a longer range. This range and data rate study would be useful for efficient network planning and system design for TVWS-based LoRa LPWANs. © 2023 by the authors.

World University root node

Future Internet

LoRa Communication Using TVWS Frequencies: Range and Data Rate

Low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) constitute a variety of modern-day Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Long range (LoRa) is a promising LPWAN technology with its long-range and low-power benefits. Performance enhancement of LoRa networks is one of the crucial challenges to meet application requirements, and it primarily depends on the optimal selection of transmission parameters. Reinforcement learning-based multi-armed bandit (MAB) is a prominent approach for optimizing the LoRa parameters and network performance. In this work, we propose a new discounted upper confidence bound (DUCB) MAB to maximize energy efficiency and improve the overall performance of the LoRa network. We designed novel discount and exploration bonus functions to maximize the policy rewards to increase the number of successful transmissions. The results show that the proposed discount and exploration functions give better mean rewards irrespective of the number of trials, which has significant importance for LoRa networks. The designed policy outperforms other policies reported in the literature and has a lesser time complexity, a comparable mean rewards, and improves the mean rewards by a minimum of 8%. © 2023 by the authors.

Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks

Multi-Armed Bandit Algorithm Policy for LoRa Network Performance Enhancement

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

Moisture Sensor Using Microstrip Patch Antenna

The Internet of Vehicles is considered an adaptation to the current transportation system's severe position, thanks to advancements in wireless communication systems and intelligent mobility technologies. The autos in the Network of Vehicles system generate Vehicular Networks and constantly deliver additional functionality inspired by real driving data transmitted by the vehicles using wireless communication technology. Drivers may modify the distance between automobiles while planning their route depending on current traffic conditions, positively affecting the efficiency and safety of the transport network. Because of the unique capabilities of a Technology of Devices service platform, automobiles must transmit their position information often. Assailants can gather and analyze automobile transmit data to acquire personal information and perhaps even track the customer's vehicle path, creating new security challenges. This article offers a Blockchain-based confidentiality solution for such Vehicular networks. This same solution incorporates blockchain technology with the Website of Vehicles network to provide a secure and convenient two-way authentication mechanism procedure based on encryption, as well as removing the conventional Internet of Vehicles system's centralized dependency issue. © 2022 IEEE.

2022 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Distributed Systems Security, ICBDS 2022

Internet of Vehicles System Based on Blockchain

Technological advancements in the military sector&nbsp; have been phenomenal in the last vicennial. According to an article&nbsp; referred, the total annual global military expenditure rose to $&nbsp; 1.917 trillion in 2019. The advent of wireless data communication&nbsp; and technologies like Artificial Intelligence and IoT, have&nbsp; transformed and augmented the lives of common civilians. The&nbsp; Air-force and the Naval-force have experienced major&nbsp; transformation in terms of technology. On the other hand, this&nbsp; kind of technology has not yet reached the Land-force department.&nbsp; The military vest as well as the helmet are amongst the most&nbsp; crucial pieces of safety equipment that have undergone no&nbsp; significant upgrade since the last semi-centennial. The main goal&nbsp; of this study is to build and implement a smart system consisting&nbsp; of a smart vest and a smart helmet using sensors, modules, and&nbsp; advanced wireless communication technology to improve the&nbsp; utility and functionality. &nbsp;

Proceedings - International Conference on Communication, Information and Computing Technology, ICCICT 2021

IoT based Smart Vest and Helmet for Defence Sector

Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) has become one of the prominent solutions for long-range and lower-power Internet of things and machine-to-machine applications. LPWANs enable communication with a large number of low-complex and low-cost remote nodes and objects with very low-power consumption, extending the lifetime of battery-operated nodes to months and years. It has a wide range of emerging applications in industry, smart cities, environment monitoring, agriculture, health care, and many other fields. There are several candidates for LPWAN technologies, and the selection of appropriate technology for a given application is a challenging task. This chapter presents the study of various LPWAN hardware and software platforms available in the market. It also describes various open-source tools available for simulations and research.

LPWAN Technologies for IoT and M2M Applications

Hardware and software platforms for low-power wide-area networks

With digital TV switchover and using cognitive radio technology, a spectrum of unoccupied TV channels, called TV white spaces (TVWS), can be used for different applications. Radio signals in these bands travel farther and penetrate obstacles more effectively than those in cellular and 2.4&nbsp;GHz band owing to the lower frequency. With the growth in wireless services and higher data rate applications, the demand for spectrum is also increasing. Studies show that such licensed spectrum is underutilized. This chapter covers the study on TVWS, its architecture, and protocols, TVWS over low-power wide-area networks, along with its applications and future challenges and opportunities.

TV white spaces for low-power wide-area networks

As mentioned in the global two-wheeler market report, the two-wheeler market is projected to surpass $ 125 billion by 2024. According to WHO statistics, approximately 1.35 million people die each year as a result of road traffic crashes. And more than half of those are pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists. Correct helmet use can lead to a 42 percent reduction in risk of fatal injuries and a 69 percent reduction in the risk of head injuries. These are concerning statistics. These growing numbers call forth new and upcoming technological advancements concerning the safety of the users. The main reason behind coming up with this smart helmet is the very issue of safety. The main objective of the project is to build a smart system which is integrated with sensors and modules for the safety of the user. While working on improving the safety of riders, it was ensured that its aesthetics and ergonomics are not compromised. © 2020 IEEE.

IEMTRONICS 2020 - International IOT, Electronics and Mechatronics Conference, Proceedings

Design and finite element analysis of IoT based smart helmet

Li-fi technology transferred information via LEDs. It's a rapid and low worth remote correspondence framework, contrasted with Wi-Fi. It will provide huge protection, monstrous data measure, and low worth. This innovation was expected as a reaction to the constraints on RF information measurement. An indoor path is useful to everybody, and for the outwardly disabled it is particularly fundamental. It utilizes an unaccredited range which is not covered with RF commotion. In addition, almost many indoor areas have an enough amount of daylight sources and supply extra safety as Li-Fi is unable to pass through any objects. We tend to project for the visually weakened such a roadmap to guide them in indoor places. Led produce unmistakable light alongside area data and the information is obtained from the inserted structure or cell phone with the recipient. The installed device/mobile phone figures the best way to achieve an assignment and by a voice yield address a blind individual. © 2019 IEEE.

2019 IEEE Pune Section International Conference, PuneCon 2019

LiFi and Voice Based Indoor Navigation System for Visually Impaired People

Determining moisture content correctly in different materials or grains is the need of various industries today. Various techniques are suggested in the literature for sensing moisture contents of different materials. Horn antenna and microstrip antenna are the most commonly used antennas for finding moisture content, because of the noncontact type of measurement of moisture present in the sample. The microwave measuring technique offers a very exact and reliable measurement of the concentration of moisture. In the proposed system microstrip patch antenna at 900 MHz resonant frequency is designed and different materials like sodium carbonate, borax, potassium chloride, and lactose are tested for moisture content. For the fixed quantity of the sample, water content is gradually increased and return loss is measured. It is observed that with the increase in moisture content, return loss decreases. © 2019 IEEE.

Design of a Microstrip Patch Antenna as a Moisture Sensor

The rapid development of automotive industry system has promoted a brand new revolution of vehicle design. In recent years, in-vehicle-infotainment(IVI) systems have quickly become one of the most valuable features auto makers have used to promote their flagship models as an advanced competitive marketing weapon. Owing to this, an innovative idea for a infotainment system is proposed in this paper. The aim of this design is to eliminate the head unit in the current systems and reduce the overall cost of the system considerably. Instead of a touch screen display or buttons to control the functionalities, an android smartphone is used which can control volume, bass, treble, fade and balance. The objectives of this system is to reduce cost, size and to provide comfort and luxury to the passengers.