MIT-World Peace University (MIT-WPU) is a top educational institute located in Pune, India. It is recognized within&nbsp;UGC under Government of Maharashtra Act No. XXXV 2017.&nbsp;

It is part of the MIT group of institutions (established in 1983) which covers 10+ campuses across India and has more than 50,000+ students enrolled across various disciplines at a given point of time. The institute houses 15 schools ranging from Engineering &amp; Technology, Design, Pharmacy, Commerce, Governance among others. It offers undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD programs among different disciplines.&nbsp;

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MIT World Peace University

Titanium (Ti) and its alloy are widely used for artificial joints, dental implantations, orthopedic and bone screws because of their good biocompatibility, magnificent mechanical properties, and great <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/corrosion-resistance">corrosion resistance</a>. As the Ti is bioinert and lacking antibacterial properties, which impact the use of such materials in the field of biomedical applications. When microorganisms attached to the surface of biomaterials it will start the implant related infection, which is a serious clinical issue. Infection frequently begins with bacterial attachment to the implant surface, after that colonization of bacteria started on the implant surface, once the colonization increases to larger extent it forms the biofilm. Once biofilm form, it becomes remarkably impervious to antibiotics and the host immunity defensive system to eliminate the biofilm from implant surface which prompting further complexities. The counteraction of biofilm development by antimicrobial surfaces is the most ideal approach to avoid both the spread of microorganisms and material decay. Antibacterial coating on implant surface is a convincing method to decrease the event of implant related infections. Among available methods micro arc oxidation (MAO) is profoundly reasonable for the development of bioactive and antibacterial coatings on titanium implant. In this paper antibacterial mechanism some of nanoparticles such as Zn, Ag, Cu, and AgO when incorporated in MAO coating is discussed. It was observed that antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles is due to combination of contact killing and release of Ag nanoparticles, as well as the arrival of Ag+ ions from the coating surface to the electrolyte solutions. Zn coating can restrain bacterial development by producing responsive oxygen species (ROS). ROS is bacteria harmful species. In Cu nanoparticles incorporated antibacterial coating, bacteria absorbed Cu ions and resulted into the formation of cavities in the cell wall of bacteria through interaction with Cu ions.<h2>Keywords</h2>Antibacterial Nano particles, Micro-arc oxidation (MAO), Titanium and Titanium alloy

School of Mechanical Engineering

Engineering and Technology

Materials Today: Proceedings

Recent advances on the antibacterial coating on titanium implant by micro-Arc oxidation process

The main aim of the this work is to design and develop a suitable mechanism to finish the hard surfaces and improve the performance of finishing processes based on MR fluid using external magnetic field. This work is carried out by considering the significant process parameters like the concentration ratio of CIPs to aluminum oxide (Al2O3) as an abrasives, magnetizing current, the rotating speed of the tool, feed rate of workpiece, working gap and hardness of work pieces to know the response as a percentage change in surface roughness Ra. SEM technique is employed to know the surface integrity and understand the performance of MR fluid based finishing process over the surface of die steel materials. While, performing the experimental work, a full factorial design is applied and the results are characterized using regression and ANOVA technique. It is revealed from the results that the foremost contribution of the factors in the highest order are working gap, magnetizing current and the hardness of the work piece followed by the ratio of CIP to Al2O3 abrasives, feed rate and rotating speed of the tool in improving the surface roughness Ra. The regression model confirms the linear relationship between observed Ra and the predicted Ra and its correlation coefficient is + 0.85. The average percentage deviation is 3.56 within 5% error band. Thus, this method is capable to obtain the Nano finishing over the surface of hardened materials

World University root node

Experimental investigation of parameters and surface integrity of die steel based on MR fluid finishing process

In this research novel approach to the selection of the best suitable composition of nanocomposite from the various alternatives of nano-Al2O3/Al6061 using multi-criteria decision-making, techniques are presented. Low strength and hardness limit the use of Al6061 in moderate to high-stress applications such as in aerospace and automobiles. To overcome this deficiency, multi-characteristics <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/al2o3">Al2O3</a> nanoparticles are successfully reinforced in various wt. % to Al6061 matrix to fabricate novel Al2O3/Al6061 nanocomposites on aluminum stir casting furnace. That results in an improvement in mechanical properties at a different order of importance and various material cost. Hence it is essential to determine the best suitable alternative of nanocomposite and corresponding optimum quantity satisfying application requirements. Therefore, to tackle the difficulty of best suitable composition selection at required order of importance, multicriteria decision-making techniques such as TOPSIS and EXPROM2, was implemented and rankings are obtained. Weight criteria are determined using the AHP model. Comparative study of all MCDM is carried out by spearmen’s rank correlation. The best material found is 4A (4% Al2O3 reinforcement). MCDM analysis was found satisfactory for material selection problems.

TOPSIS &amp; EXPROM2 multicriteria decision methods for Al2O3/Al 6061 nanocomposite selection

Even though water is a renewable resource, most of the water present on the earth’s surface is not suitable for direct human consumption. Besides, due to increasing population, urbanization, environmental pollution and growth of industries, the requirement for pure water is found increasing day by day. Also, natural resources of water can meet freshwater demand to only to a limited extent. Hence, there is a need to find a way to purify saline water with the help of an effective water desalination technique. Solar still is one such method which makes use of naturally available sunlight to purify impure/saline water. In this paper, a double-effect passive solar still is designed for experimental investigations to determine the freshwater collected at the output channel. Also, a two-phase, three-dimensional model of the unit is developed in ANSYS FLUENT for the transient state to simulate various temperatures inside the solar still and to estimate the production rate of distilled water produced. The simulation was run for 8 h, and the results have been compared with the experiment performed. Experimental investigations show a total distilled output of 3.2 L/m2 collected in channel, whereas according to analysis results, 3.74 L/m2 output is observed. Here, simulation results follow the similar trend as the experimental results and show good agreement with each other.

Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C

Experimental Investigation and Performance Analysis of Double-Basin Solar Still Using CFD Techniques

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are mostly utilized for orthopedic and dental applications on account of its excellent <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/corrosion-resistance">corrosion resistance</a>, good formability, excellent fatigue strength and lower <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/elastic-moduli">modulus of elasticity</a>. As Ti is bioinert, it’s not satisfactory for long-term clinical applications and can't attach to living bone straightforwardly at the beginning phase after implantation into a human body. With an end goal to improve implant-cell connection, many surface alterations techniques have been examined in the recent past to quicken osseointegration process and upgrade <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/surface-topography">surface topography</a> with the tissue of host. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process likewise called micro-arc oxidation (MAO) can be utilized successfully for surface alteration of Ti and its alloys. PEO is an electrochemical surface modification technique to create defensive <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/oxide-coating">oxide coatings</a> on light metal, for example, titanium, aluminum and magnesium. PEO is a basic, single-step surface modification strategy used to create coatings on Ti and its alloys for orthopedic and dental applications. Desired coating properties can be obtained by changing process parameters of PEO process, for example, electrolyte composition, frequency, processing time, duty cycle and applied voltage. Electrolyte concentrations is a significant factor to impact growth mechanism of coating. It has been observed that, porosity decreases as the PEO current density increases due to the higher rate of ionic current and sealing effect on the micro size pores. It was seen that for better wear resistance, temperature during coating should be kept at lower values. It was likewise seen that the safest coating to erosion was acquired in the oxidized <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/titanium-alloys">titanium alloy</a> specimen deposited at 500 Hz with 30% duty cycle by PEO. This review article is focusing on surface modification of Ti and its alloy by plasma electrolytic <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/oxidation-reaction">oxidation process</a> and process parameters effects on substrate characteristics.

Surface modification of titanium and titanium alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation process for biomedical applications: A review

AWJM is broadly utilized in different modern applications, for example, slicing hard-to-cut materials, boring and pocket processing in composite parts, cutting different materials in textile and leather enterprises and so on. This innovation is valuable for mechanical applications since it has focal points, for example, less touchy to material properties, no babble, no warm impacts, negligible weights on the work piece and high machining versatility and adaptability, additionally, AWJM produces surfaces of worthy completion and high integrity. Cutting and machining rate of AWJM is higher than ordinary machining forms [1]. In AWJM process, (Figure 1) the undesirable material of workpiece is evacuated by the consolidated activity of rapid water and abrasive particles. The rapid flow of water moves the motor vitality to the abrasive particles and the blend (water and abrasives) encroaches on the workpiece material. The exhibition of AWJM procedure is subject to the disintegration of material by the pressurized water-abrasive blend and mechanical properties of workpiece material alongside different procedure parameters [2]

International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM)

Experimental investigation, optimization and modeling of carbon fibre graphite/epoxy laminates with the help of abrasive water jet machine

Difluoromethane (HFC32) is the perfect replacement of R410A due to its zero ozone depletion Potential and lower Global warming potential (GWP as 675) that is much less than R410A (2088) and Zero Ozone Depletion Potential. R32 refrigerant can achieve higher heat transfer coefficients with less quantity of refrigerant charge when compared to R410A. Fin and Tube heat exchangers (FTHE) are widely used in the refrigeration, air conditioning industries and in many other applications to exchange or transfer the heat from refrigerant or working fluid and to the sink. The aim of this paper is to calculate the Heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop and heat load of refrigerants in Air-cooled Fin and Tube heat exchanger. Here FTHE is used as a condenser in one TR residential air conditioning application and their comparison using R32 and R410A refrigerants. To study the behaviour of two refrigerants in liquid phase, two phase (liquid and vapor phase) and vapor phases inside the condenser. Here the airflow to the condenser is counter flow. Materials used were Aluminium for fins and copper for tubes to achieve greater heat transfer coefficient. Here fin and tube material combination is very important because of their material properties. Optimizing the design of FTHE, i.e. selecting the micro finned tubes to generate turbulence in refrigerant flow, which results in enhancement of heat transfer coefficient. Slit type fin is selected for fins. The micro finned copper tubes with smaller inner diameter can save the material cost. Coil Designer a simulation software used for the design and analysis of FTHE

Fulltext

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)

Design and Analysis of Air Cooled Fin and Tube Heat Exchanger with smaller Diameter Micro Finned Tubes using R 32 in Replace of R410A

In the new era of competitive world, need has been increased tremendously for the development of lightweight, low cost, an efficient, corrosion resistive, high reflectivity, tough conducive materials. Many researchers have used aluminum alloys to investigate the effects of added alloys on various properties of the material. Pure aluminium is a weak, soft and ductile material, but adding a small amount of impurity in aluminium, its properties such as tensile strength and hardness can be increased considerably. Aluminum alloy composites are better in thermal expansion coefficient, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and other mechanical properties. Metal matrix composites are advanced materials, which combine reinforcement materials to produce composite materials, which are designed to obtain different properties like stiffness, impact resistance or use in high temperature environments. Nanocomposite is emerging as advanced materials with high strength for the industrial applications that have capacity to satisfy recent demands of advanced engineering applications. In this paper, an emphasis is given on collecting, analyzing and concluding very vast amount of work on the formation and characterization of metal matrix composites and nanocomposites and to find out gaps in recent related research and developments. © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development

Formation and characterization of aluminium metal matrix nanocomposites

The depletion of ozone layer and green house effects are worldwide problem. Refrigerants are part and source of depletion of ozone layer. As we using these Ecofriendly refrigerants then harm to ozone reduces. These are best option for recently running refrigerants. Eco-friendly refrigerant like hydroflurocarbons and hydrocarbons are replacing chlorofluorocarbons application.CFC is the most important member of CFC refrigerants. This paper, gives alternate to refrigerants that are causes ill effect on environment. Their performance with respect to recently used refrigerant compared. By this comparison benefits of Ecofriendly refrigerants discussed. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

Applied Mechanics and Materials

Ecofriendly refrigerants

Natural convection from a vertical surface is one of the fundamental subjects among a wide variety of heat transfer studies. Natural convection represents an inherently reliable cooling process. There has been a growing demand for conservation of energy, especially due to energy deficiency. Improvement in the performance of the thermal system would be major contribution in this direction. The development of high performance thermal system has stimulated interests in the methods to enhance the heat transfer. But the enhancement techniques are frequently accompanied by increase in cost, weight and complicated manufacturing techniques and material. Previous studies show that V-type fin array performs better than vertical fin array for same surface area. Present study focuses on enhancement of heat transfer by using V-fin array. The present paper attempts to examine trend of heat transfer coefficient by using CFD software for various type of V-fin arrays with i) varying included angle, ii) rectangular notch of varying spacing, iii) V notch of varying angle, iv) combination of rectangular and V notch. © Research India Publications.

International Journal of Applied Engineering Research

Computational analysis for enhancement of natural convection heat transfer on vertical heated plate by multiple V-fin array

Development of proper ways for thermal management of the electronic equipments is very essential due to miniaturization with semiconductor technology. Various active and passive cooling techniques can be used. Pin fin heat sinks are passive techniques. In this work, an experimental investigations are carried out for Elliptical pin fin heat sinks with uniform cross section with horizontal and vertical orientation also in line and staggered arrangements are considred. Various pitches considered are Transeverse pitch, S T =21.5mm, 43mm, 43mm, 86mm and Longitudinal pitch S L=22mm, 44mm, 22mm, 22mm for 1 st inline, 2 nd inline, 1 st staggered, 2 nd staggered arrangements respectively. The results were oobtained for two heights(i.e. at 75mm and 50mm) of pin fins. Velocities considered were close to 0.2m/s, 0.4m/s, 1.2m/s, 2.2m/s. From experimental investigations carried out we can conclude that the percentage heat transfer (i.e. Nusselts number) is more in case of the 1 st inline compared to all other arrangements. Heat transfer is more by 57.73% compared to the 2 nd Inline with horizontally mounted pin fins. For natural convection good results are observed for 2 nd Inline arrangement and for 1 st inline arrangement the heat transfer coefficient is very less compared to other arrangements at 75mm height and is 8.5308 W/m 2 K. © Research India Publications.

Parametric analysis and comparative study of pin fin heat sinks in natural and mixed convection

Cellular Manufacturing Systems (CMS) is an application of Group Technology. Most traditional cell formation procedures ignore any changes in demand over time caused by product redesign and uncertainties due to volume variation, part mix variation, and resource unreliability. However in today's business environment product life cycles are short, volumes and product mix can vary frequently. Thus cell design needs to address these issues. In this paper, Dynamic Cellular Manufacturing Systems (DCMS), Virtual Cellular Manufacturing Systems (VCMS) and Hybrid Cell Layout are discussed along with CMS. Based on the CMS methodologies, classification and comparison few suggestions are presented regarding possible future research directions for the CMS problem for both newly and already established researchers. © Research India Publications.

Research issues in cellular manufacturing systems

Manufacturing industries are under intense pressure from the increasingly competitive global marketplace. Shorter product life cycle, time-to-market and diverse customer needs have challenged manufacturers to improve the efficiency and productivity of their production activities. Manufacturing systems should be able to adjust or respond quickly to adopt necessary changes in product design and product demand without major investment. Traditional manufacturing systems, such as, job shops and flow lines are not capable of satisfying such requirements. Although a cellular manufacturing system (CMS) provides great benefits, the design of CMS is complex for real life problems. Existing design methods employ simplifying assumptions, which often deteriorate the validity of the models used for obtaining solutions. In this paper, a method of flexible CMS has been discussed and a case study is presented in a reputed gear manufacturing industry, which converted functional layout into CMS. There was reduction of Rs 1 05 234.84 in the total cost per week after converting functional layout into CMS. The CMS worked successfully with two different machines-parts combinations.