MIT-World Peace University (MIT-WPU) is a top educational institute located in Pune, India. It is recognized within&nbsp;UGC under Government of Maharashtra Act No. XXXV 2017.&nbsp;

It is part of the MIT group of institutions (established in 1983) which covers 10+ campuses across India and has more than 50,000+ students enrolled across various disciplines at a given point of time. The institute houses 15 schools ranging from Engineering &amp; Technology, Design, Pharmacy, Commerce, Governance among others. It offers undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD programs among different disciplines.&nbsp;

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MIT World Peace University

Pharmacy

A simple, economical, precise and accurate method for simultaneous determination of Clopidogrel (CLOP) and Aspirin (ASP) in combined tablet dosage form has been developed. The first method is based on Ratio Spectra Derivative (Method A) and second method is based on Area under Curve (AUC) Spectrophotometry (Method B). The amplitudes 218.11 nm and 247.002 nm in the second derivative of the ratio spectra were selected for aspirin and clopidogrel respectively. In the second method (AUC) areas were integrated in the wavelength ranges between 215.66-218.78 nm and 235.15-238.27 with reference to the absorbance curves plotted between the wavelengths 200-350 nm to determine CLOP and ASP. The drugs obey Beer's law in the concentration range of 5-25 μg mL -1 by both the methods. The methods were validated with respect to linearity, precision and accuracy. The results of analysis have been validated statistically and recovery studies confirmed the accuracy and reproducibility of the proposed methods which were carried out by following ICH guidelines. The proposed methods were applied successfully for Simultaneous Determination of Clopidogrel and Aspirin in Combined Tablet formulations. © RJPT All right reserved.

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School of Pharmacy

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Spectrophotometric simultaneous Determination of Clopidogrel and aspirin in combined tablet dosage form by ratio derivative and area under curve method

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of presence of water soluble polymer, PVP K -25, PEG 6000 and HPMC, on complexation of felodipine with HP $\beta$ CD. Solid complexes at mole ratio 1:1 were obtained by freeze drying method. The phase solubility studies indicated the formation of HP- $\beta$ cyclodextrin complexes at a 1:1M ratio in solution, in presence and absence of water soluble polymers. All complexes were studied by X- ray diffractometry, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, FT-IR spectroscopy and dissolution study. X-ray diffraction data revealed decrement in crystallinity of binary and ternary systems. All DSC curves of binary and ternary systems showed shifting of characteristics melting peaks of pure drug. The process of felodipine complexation with HP $\beta$ CD, in presence of water soluble polymer was shown to involved aromatic ring, the carbonyl groups in ester bonds and carbon atom of DHP (dihydropyridine) linked via ester bonds. One of aim of complexation was to improve drug solubility and hence the dissolution rate of binary and ternary system tested. As result of inclusion complex formation, obtained by freeze drying method, brought dramatic 20 fold increase Felodipine solubility in presence of water soluble polymer HPMC. In photo-stability studies it is observed that upon inclusion complexation of felodipine with HP $\beta$ CD showed dramatic decreases in degradation rate constants and increases in the values of t0.1%. The possible reasons for protection of complexed felodipine against photo degradation could be due to inclusion of dihydropyridine ring into CD cavity where, dihydropyridine ring is involved in the first step of drug photo degradation. In docking of felodipine with cyclodextrin derivative(HP$\beta$ CD), a hypothetical structures of complex also supported inclusion of dihydropyridine ring into CD cavity. {\textcopyright} RJPT All right reserved.

Ternary systems of HP β-cyclodextrin felodipine inclusion complexes: Preparation, characterization and solubility studies

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of sintering condition on matrix formation and subsequent drug release from polymer matrix tablet for controlled release. The present study highlights the use of a microwave oven for the sintering process in order to achieve more uniform heat distribution with reduction in time required for sintering. We could achieve effective sintering within 8 min which is very less compared to conventional hot air oven sintering. The tablets containing the drug (propranolol hydrochloride) and sintering polymer (eudragit S-100) were prepared and kept in a microwave oven at 540 watt, 720 watt and 900 watt power for different time periods for sintering. The sintered tablets were evaluated for various tablet characteristics including dissolution study. Tablets sintered at 900 watt power for 8 min gave better dissolution profile compared to others. We conclude that microwave oven sintering is better than conventional hot air oven sintering process in preparation of controlled release tablets.

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Journal of Young Pharmacists

Design of controlled release non-erodible polymeric matrix tablet using microwave oven-assisted sintering technique

The cerebral ischemia in rats was induced by occluding bilateral common carotid arteries (BCCAO) for 30 min., followed by 45 min reperfusion. BCCAO caused significant depletion in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase and significant increase in lipid peroxidation along with severe neuronal damage in the brain. All the alterations except depletion in glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-Stransferase levels induced by cerebral ischemia were significantly attenuated by 15 days pretreatment with methanolic extract of P. dactylifera fruits (100, 300 mg/kg), whereas 30 mg/kg dose was insignificant in this regard. These results suggest the possible use P. dactylifera against bilateral common carotid artery occlusion induced oxidative stress and neuronal damage.

Indian Journal of Experimental Biology

Evaluation of antioxidant and neuroprotective effect of date palm (phoenix dactylifera L.) against bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in rats

The present study was aimed to assess the anti-arthritic nature of polyherbal formulation containing Cissampelos Pereira Linn, Pongamia pinnata (Linn) Pierre and Vitex negundo Linn. against Freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. The degree of inflammation was evaluated by hind paw sweeling, body weight and haematologicalc study supported by histopathology of ankle joints and radiological study. Polyherbal formulation (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg) reduces hind paw swelling and body weight alongwith significant improvement in haematological study, while histopathology reveals the significant reduction in mononuclear infiltration, pannus formtion and bone erosion. The radiological pictures of the joints particularly metatarsal, phalanges and the ankle joint space of polyherbal formulation treated group animals showed protective effect against adjuvant induced arthritis.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Therapeutic effect of a polyherbal preparation on adjuvant induced arthritis in wistar rats

Two methods for the simultaneous estimation of atenolol and hydrochlorothiazide in combined tablet dosage form have been developed. The first method is the Q-analysis method, based on absorbance ratio at two selected wave lengths 232.0nm (Iso-absorptive point) and 270.0nm ($\lambda$max of hydrochlorothiazide). The second method is the first order derivative spectroscopy using 214.0nm (zero cross for atenolol) and 241.0nm (zero cross for hydrochlorothiazide). The linearity was obtained in both the methods in the concentration range of 1-30$\mu$g/ml and 1-40$\mu$g/ml for atenolol and hydrochlorothizide, respectively. These methods are simple, accurate and results of analysis have been validated statistically and by recovery studies.

International Journal of ChemTech Research

Simultaneous spectrophotometric estimation of atenolol and hydrochlorothiazide in tablet dosage forms

Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of an ayurvedic polyherbal formulation in rats and mice employing the tail immersion test and acetic acid-induced writhing test, respectively. Materials and Methods: With the tail immersion method, rats received two different doses (270 and 405 mg/kg BW, p.o.) of a formulation, pethidine (5.4 mg/kg BW, p.o.) as a reference standard and the combination of the higher dose of the formulation with naloxone (2 mg/kg, i.p.), an opioid receptor antagonist and caffeine (16 mg/kg, i.p.), used as an adenosine receptor antagonist. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, mice received two different doses (390 and 585 mg/kg, BW, p.o.) of formulation, diclofenac sodium (15 mg/kg, BW, p.o.) as a reference standard and the combination of the higher dose of the polyherbal formulation with ondansetron (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), a serotonin receptor antagonist. Results: The polyherbal formulation (405 mg/kg) exhibited a significant (p < 0.01) antinociceptive effect using the tail immersion method. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the formulation showed significant (p < 0.01) dose-dependent activity. The antinociceptive effect of the polyherbal formulation apparently involved an opiate-like mechanism, since its antinociceptive action was attenuated by naloxone pretreatment. In addition, antinociceptive activity was attenuated by caffeine and reversed by ondansetron pretreatment. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the polyherbal formulation possessed centrally and peripherally mediated antinociceptive properties. The activity could be mediated through opioid, adenosine and serotonin receptors and via inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase- and/or lipoxygenase-dependent pathways. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Medical Principles and Practice

Involvement of opioid, adenosine and 5-HT3 receptors in antinociceptive effects of an ayurvedic polyherbal formulation

Herbs have always been the principal form of medicine in India. Medicinal plants have curative properties due to the presence of various complex chemical substances of different composition, which are found as secondary plant metabolites in one or more parts of these plants. Ficus religiosa (L.), commonly known as pepal belonging to the family Moraceae, is used traditionally as antiulcer, antibacterial, antidiabetic, in the treatment of gonorrhea and skin diseases. F. religiosa is a Bo tree, which sheltered the Buddha as he divined the "Truths." The present review aims to update information on its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities.

Pharmacognosy Reviews

Phytopharmacology of Ficus religiosa

Gabapentin is widely used as an oral anti-epileptic agent. However, owing to its high crystallinity and poor compaction properties, it is difficult to form tablets of this drug by direct compression. The aim of this study was to develop gabapentin tablets, pharmaceutically equivalent to the brand-name pioneer product Neurontin{\textregistered} (marketed in USA). Gabapentin 800mg tablets were produced by wet granulation with a constant concentration of intragranular binder and a varying concentration of extragranular binders (A = polyvinylpyrrolidone K30, B = hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 15 cps, C = Kollidon VA64, D =Klucel EXF). The tablets that did not vary in weight, thickness or hardness and had appropriate friability and disintegration profiles were coated with a 3% film-coating solution. Seven formulations F1 (A 3%), F2 (A 6%), F3 (B 3%), F4 (B 6%), F5 (C 3%), F6 (C 3%) and F7 (D 3%) were prepared. Among these, F6 exhibited adequate hardness, friability, disintegration, uniformity of content and total drug dissolution after 45minutes. Comparing the F6 dissolution profile with that of the brand-name tablets, the difference factor (f1) was 5.93 and the similarity factor (f2) 67.85. Hence, formulation F6 was found to be equivalent to Neurontin{\textregistered}.

Revista de Ciencias Farmaceuticas Basica e Aplicada

Pharmaceutical equivalence of gabapentin tablets with various extragranular binders

A simple, economical, precise and accurate method for simultaneous determination of Dutasteride (DUTA) and Tamsulosin (TAM) in combined dosage form has been developed. The first method is first order Derivative spectroscopy method (Method A) in which derivative amplitudes were measured at selected wavelengths. Second method is Area Under Curve Spectrophotometry (Method B). The amplitudes at 247.67 nm and 232.60 nm in the first order derivative spectra were selected to determine DUTA and TAM, respectively and wavelength ranges 237.13-238.25 nm and 222.50-223.62 nm were selected to determine DUTA and TAM, respectively by AUC method in methanol. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration ranges of 10-50 $\mu$g mL-1 and 8-40 $\mu$g mL-1 for DUTA and TAM, respectively in method A while 5-25 $\mu$g mL-1 and 4-20 $\mu$g mL-1 by DUTA and TAM, respectively in method B. The % assay for commercial formulation was found to be in the range 99.24 - 100.09 % for DUTA and 99.89 - 101.12 % for TAM by the proposed methods. Recovery was found in the range of 99.60 - 99.99 % for DUTA and 100.02 - 101.09% for TAM by first order derivative spectroscopic method and 99.30 - 101.12% for DUTA and 99.52-101.25% for TAM by AUC method for both the Formulations. The results of analysis have been validated statistically and recovery studies confirmed the accuracy and reproducibility of the proposed methods which were carried out by following ICH guidelines. The proposed methods were applied successfully to determine uniformity of contents in commercial capsule and tablet formulations.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research

Spectrophotometric simultaneous determination of Dutasteride and Tamsulosin in combined tablet dosage form by first order derivative spectroscopy and Area Under Curve (AUC) Spectrophotometric methods and its application to uniformity of content in tablet and capsule