MIT-World Peace University (MIT-WPU) is a top educational institute located in Pune, India. It is recognized within&nbsp;UGC under Government of Maharashtra Act No. XXXV 2017.&nbsp;

It is part of the MIT group of institutions (established in 1983) which covers 10+ campuses across India and has more than 50,000+ students enrolled across various disciplines at a given point of time. The institute houses 15 schools ranging from Engineering &amp; Technology, Design, Pharmacy, Commerce, Governance among others. It offers undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD programs among different disciplines.&nbsp;

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MIT World Peace University

School of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Power efficiency of any design can be obtained in terms of PDP. The approach used to design any system defines the performance of system. Here, Gate Diffusion Input (GDI) design techniques as well as CMOS design techniques are used for designing full adder circuits. Full swing GDI technique is utilized to reduce power consumption and delay. Full swing GDI technique gives better speed of operation as compared to CMOS technique. While keeping these parameters at best GDI maintains low complexity of design. Full adder circuits are designed using 180 nm technology node in Cadence Virtuoso with supply voltage of 1.8 V. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

World University root node

Engineering and Technology

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

Implementation and Analysis of Low Power Consumption Full Swing GDI Full Adders

With exponential growth in the deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, many new innovative and real-life applications are being developed. IoT supports such applications with the help of resource-constrained fixed as well as mobile nodes. These nodes can be placed in anything from vehicles to the human body to smart homes to smart factories. Mobility of the nodes enhances the network coverage and connectivity. One of the crucial requirements in IoT systems is the accurate and fast localization of its nodes with high energy efficiency and low cost. The localization process has several challenges. These challenges keep changing depending on the location and movement of nodes such as outdoor, indoor, with or without obstacles and so on. The performance of localization techniques greatly depends on the scenarios and conditions from which the nodes are traversing. Precise localization of nodes is very much required in many unique applications. Although several localization techniques and algorithms are available, there are still many challenges for the precise and efficient localization of the nodes. This paper classifies and discusses various state-of-the-art techniques proposed for IoT node localization in detail. It includes the different approaches such as centralized, distributed, iterative, ranged based, range free, device-based, device-free and their subtypes. Furthermore, the different performance metrics that can be used for localization, comparison of the different techniques, some prominent applications in smart cities and future directions are also covered. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Future Internet

Survey of Localization for Internet of Things Nodes: Approaches, Challenges and Open Issues

A low power flip-flop is demanding delay element in digital sigma delta modulator of DAC system. This paper highlights power optimisation of single-phase clocked feedback D flip-flop using various optimisation techniques like clock gating, MTCMOS etc. In this scenario, clock gating using GDI and single-phase clocked inverter is invented to avoid unwanted no data transitions of flip-flop, also proposed type is compared with existing techniques. In addition to this, full swing GDI (gate-Diffusion Input) cell itself is modified by single phase clocked inverter to minimise threshold voltage drop and unwanted spikes at the output. There is trade off in area, speed and power. This work is based on power optimisation with favourable speed and area. Flip-flop is verified for clock frequency of 50 MHz as well as CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) frequency of 1.6 MHz. Analysis is carried out in SPECTRE simulator of CADENCE environment with 180 nm technology supplied by AMS. Not only power but delay is also measured to check the performance of flip-flop. Proposed circuit gives 92.8% power and power delay product improvement. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

International Journal of Electronics Letters

Power optimisation of single phase clocked feedback D flip-flop for CDMA

A novel enhanced quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm for IIoT deployments is proposed. It provides enhanced connectivity, reduced energy consumption, and optimized delay. We consider heterogeneous scenarios of network topologies for optimal path configuration by exploring and exploiting the hunts. It uses multiple inputs from heterogeneous IIoT into quantum and bio-inspired optimization techniques. The differential evolution operator and crossover operations are used for information interchange among the nodes to avoid trapping into local minima. The different topology scenarios are simulated to study the impact of p-degrees of connectivity concerning objective functions' evaluation and compared with existing techniques. The results demonstrate that our algorithm consumes a minimum of 30.3% lesser energy. Furthermore, it offers improved searching precision and convergence swiftness in the possible search space for p-disjoint paths and reduces the delay by a minimum of 26.7%. Our algorithm also improves the throughput by a minimum of 29.87% since the quantum swarm inclines to generate additional diverse paths from multiple source nodes to the gateway. © 2013 IEEE.

IEEE Access

A novel enhanced quantum PSO for optimal network configuration in heterogeneous industrial IoT

The primary objective of this research paper is to detect and quantify the necking defect and surface velocity profiles in high-speed polymer melt extrusion film casting (EFC) process using Matlab® based image processing techniques. Extrusion film casting is an industrially important manufacturing process and is used on an industrial scale to produce thousands of kilograms of polymer films/sheets and coated products. In this research, the necking defect in an EFC process has been studied experimentally and the effects of macromolecular architecture such as long chain branching (LCB) on the extent of necking have been determined using image processing methodology. The methodology is based on the analysis of a sequence of image frames taken with the help of a commercial CCD camera over a specific target area of the EFC process. The image sequence is then analyzed using Matlab® based image processing toolbox wherein a customized algorithm is written and executed to determine the edges of the extruded molten polymeric film to quantify the necking defect. Alongwith the necking defect, particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) technique is also used in conjunction with the Matlab® software to determine the centerline and transverse velocity profiles in the extruded molten film. It is concluded from this study that image processing techniques provide valuable insights into quantifying both the necking defect and the associated velocity profiles in the molten extruded film. © 2021 Kingfa SCI. &amp; TECH. CO., LTD.

Fulltext

Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research

Flow visualization by Matlab® based image analysis of high-speed polymer melt extrusion film casting process for determining necking defect and quantifying surface velocity profiles

Object Detection Using SSD MobileNet on Indian Dataset

Implementation of Autonomous Driving Algorithms on a Miniature Robot

Deep Learning Techniques for Automated Image Captioning

The rapid development of wireless communication technology makes Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology, key candidates for the next generation mobile communication system. OFDM system has high frequency utilization and effectively resists multipath and narrowband interference. MIMO technology can effectively improve system capacity and system separation. This paper presents a hybrid Linear-Quadratic Estimation (LQE) technique for Channel Estimation in MIMO-OFDM system. In channel estimation, the noise covariance matrix (Q) plays a key role. In general, the value of Q depends on the previous state values. In a dynamic system, the previous values are not always known. The proposed hybrid model uses two techniques to address this issue. When the previous state values are known, Fast Adaptive Hybrid - Linear Quadratic Estimation (FAH-LQE) is used and when the previous state values are unknown Discrete Multivariate Hybrid - Linear Quadratic Estimation (DMH-LQE) is used. This enables the channel estimation to perform effectively in both scenarios. The FAH-LQE method uses covariance channel noise estimation equations and updates the threshold limit. DMH-LQE finds previous values using discrete generate matrix. The switching between FAH-LQE and DMH-LQE, based on the availability of previous state values, has increased the performance of the system effectively. The proposed algorithm produced lower BER values. For a mobility of 55km/h at SNR 15, BER values of proposed algorithm are 22%, 10%, 7%, 6%, and 3% lower than existing methods namely CE with and without EEP-Kalman tracking, perfect channel estimation, FAH-LQE, and DMH-LQE respectively. Similarly for a mobility of 115km/h at SNR 15, BER values of the proposed algorithm are 45%, 35%, 20%, 15% and 5% lower than above mentioned existing methods namely CE with and without EEP-Kalman tracking, perfect channel estimation, FAH-LQE, and DMH-LQE respectively. The SER has been reduced by 5% when no compensation method is applied. By using the proposed method, the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) has also reduced. © 2021, International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems. All Rights Reserved.

International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems

A Hybrid Linear-Quadratic Estimation (LQE) Technique for Channel Estimation in MIMO-OFDM System

Resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) was firstly characterized by Biswal et al [1] in the year 1995 and since then it is used for studying patients with various neurosurgical, neurologic, and other brain-related disorders. Various statistical methods are used to analyze the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity. This paper attempts to explore more on the learning of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity. This study will help to understand the usage of rsfMRI to evaluate functional connectivity in the human brain and its usage for surgical decision-making for drug-resistant epilepsy. This paper explains the significance of such connectivity analysis, the methods available for it, and the shortcomings associated with the data.