MIT-World Peace University (MIT-WPU) is a top educational institute located in Pune, India. It is recognized within&nbsp;UGC under Government of Maharashtra Act No. XXXV 2017.&nbsp;

It is part of the MIT group of institutions (established in 1983) which covers 10+ campuses across India and has more than 50,000+ students enrolled across various disciplines at a given point of time. The institute houses 15 schools ranging from Engineering &amp; Technology, Design, Pharmacy, Commerce, Governance among others. It offers undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD programs among different disciplines.&nbsp;

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MIT World Peace University

School of Pharmacy

This study investigated the protective effect of the hydro-alcoholic extract of roots of Rubia cordifolia Linn. (HARC) against ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis and its possible underlying mechanisms using male Wistar albino rats. Ethylene glycol feeding resulted in hyperoxaluria, hypocalciuria as well as increased renal excretion of phosphate. Supplementation with HARC significantly prevented change in urinary calcium, oxalate and phosphate excretion dose-dependently. The increased calcium and oxalate levels and number of calcium oxalate crystals deposits in the kidney tissue of calculogenic rats were significantly reverted by HARC treatment. The HARC supplementation also prevents the impairment of renal functions. Results: Indicate that the HARC can protect against ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis as it reduced and prevented the growth of urinary stones. Therefore, HARC is helpful to prevent the recurrence of the disease as it showed its effect on early stages of stone development. The mechanism underlying this effect is mediated possibly through an antioxidant, nephroprotection and its effect on the urinary concentration of stone-forming constituents and risk factors. {\textcopyright} 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Pharmacy

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Protective effect of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Rubia cordifolia roots against ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in rats

This review aims at exploring new pharmacogenomics for obesity associated diabetes. The recent advances in pharmacogenomic therapy lead to the gene discovery of various diseases. In this regard we summaries the various genes which are supposed to be involved in occurrence of obesity associated diabetes. Such genes include Interlukin 6, Insulin receptor substrate - 2, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B, Adiponectin Gene, Islet Amyloid Polypeptide, Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 gene, Uncoupling protein, Resistin, Lamins A and C, Leptin Receptor Gene etc. These genes are considered to be responsible for the pathophysiology of obesity associated diabetes and can be used as targeted therapy, paves the way for development of new pharmacogenomic therapy. To list a few, PPAR $\gamma$ agonists, PPAR $\gamma$ and RXR agonists, PPAR $\gamma$ and PPAR$\delta$ agonists, direct modulators of metabolism, PPAR $\alpha$ & PPAR $\gamma$ agonists, canabinoid-1 antagonist, ciliary neurotropic factors and selective $\beta$-3 adrenergic agonists are the pharmacogenomic therapies used in current practice towards the additional advantages. To conclude, pharmacogenomic therapy will provide an added advantage over the currently available conventional therapies and this study will be helpful for future studies towards inventions in pharmacogenomic therapies for obesity associated diabetes.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Pharmacogenomics for obesity associated diabetes: A review

Levamisole is a synthetic imidazothiazole derivative that has been widely used in treatment of worm infestations in both humans and animals. As an anthelmintic, it probably works by targeting the nematode nicotinergic acetyl-choline receptor. In the market, levamisole tablets are available in the form of tablets. Geriatric and paediatric patients find it difficult to swallow these tablets. So in order to avoid this problem, chewable tablets are most preferable. The chewable tablets of levamisole were prepared by using lactose or mannitol along with sodium starch glycolate in concentration ratios especially for paediatric use. Sodium saccharin and vanilla were used as sweetening agent and flavouring agent respectively. From the disintegration studies, it was observed that the formulation containing 1.6% w/w of sodium starch glycolate shows minimum disintegration time whereas formulation having no or less concentration of sodium starch glycolate shows increase in disintegration time. It was observed that the formulation containing lactose shows less disintegration time than formulation containing mannitol. {\textcopyright} Pharmascope Foundation.

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

Formulation and evaluation of chewable tablet of levamisole

A simple, economical, precise and accurate method for simultaneous determination of Atenolol (ATE) and Lercanidipine Hydrochloride (LER) in combined dosage form has been developed. The first method is based on Ratio Derivative (Method A) and second method is based on Dual Wavelength (Method B). The amplitudes 266.98 nm and 386.97 nm wavelength were selected to determine ATE and LER respectively, by method A. In method B, two wavelengths were selected for each drug in a way so that the difference in absorbance is zero for another drug. At wavelengths 234.01 nm and 238.66 nm Lercanidipine have equal absorbance therefore these two wavelengths were used to determine ATE and on similar basis 253.33 nm and 286.07 nm were selected to determine LER in combined formulation. The drugs obey Beer's law in the concentration range of 25-125 $\mu$g mL-1 for ATE and 5-25 $\mu$g mL-1 for LER by the method A and 50-90 $\mu$g mL-1 for ATE and 10-18 $\mu$g mL-1 for LER by the method B. The % assay of LER and ATE was found to be in the range 99.98 - 101.12 % by the proposed methods. Recovery was found in the range of 98.4 - 101.0 % for both analytes by both methods. The results of analysis have been validated statistically and recovery studies confirmed the accuracy and reproducibility of the proposed methods which were carried out by following ICH guidelines.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research

Simultaneous spectrophotometric estimation of Atenolol and Lercanidipine Hydrochloride in combined dosage form by Ratio Derivative and Dual Wavelength method

The objective of this research was to prepare, characterize and to study dissolution properties of inclusion complexes of telmisartan (TLM), with $\beta$cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl $\beta$cyclodextrin and to study effect of complexation on aqueous solubility and rate of dissolution in dissolution media. The phase solubility curve was classified as an AP type for both the CDs, which indicated formation of the inclusion complex of TLM in 1:2 stoichiometries with $\beta$CD and HP $\beta$CD. The inclusion complexes in molar ratio of 1:2 were prepared by various methods. The molecular behavior of TLM in all samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction studies. The result of studies showed inclusion of TLM molecule into cyclodextrin cavities. The highest improvement in in$\beta$vitro dissolution of TLM was observed in a complex prepared with HP$\beta$CD using the kneading method. Mean dissolution time (MDT) and similarity factor (f2) indicated a significant difference between the release profile of TLM from complexes, physical mixture and pure TLM. The highest improvement in solubility and in$\beta$vitro drug release were observed in inclusion complex prepared with HP $\beta$CD by kneading method. Improvement in solubility and in-vitro drug release of telmisartan was more with HP $\beta$CD as compared to $\beta$CD.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics

Preparation, physicochemical characterization, dissolution and formulation studies of telmisartan cyclodextrin inclusion complexes

A simple, rapid, economical, precise and accurate method for simultaneous determination of Aspirin (ASP) and Ticlopidine (TIC) in combined dosage form has been developed. The first method was First Order Derivative Spectroscopy (Method A) in which derivative amplitudes were measured at selected wavelengths. Second method was Area Under Curve (Method B) and third method was Ratio Derivative spectroscopy (Method C). Methanol was used as solvent for all the three methods. The amplitudes at 232.98 nm and 239.50 nm in the first order derivative spectra were selected to determine ASP and TIC, respectively. The wavelength ranges 234.15-238.88 nm and 215.30-219.50 nm were selected to determine ASP and TIC by AUC method. Amplitude at 224.61nm and 234.50 nm were selected in the ratio derivative spectra to determine ASP and TIC, respectively. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration ranges of 2-10μg mL-1 and 5-25 μg mL-1 ASP and TIC, respectively in all three methods. The % assay for commercial formulation was found to be in the range 99.12% - 101.21 % for ASP and 98.92 - 100.20 % for TIC by the proposed methods. Recovery was found in the range of 98.74 - 101.24 % for ASP and TIC in the Formulations. The results of analysis have been validated statistically and recovery studies confirmed the accuracy and reproducibility of the proposed methods which were carried out by following ICH guidelines.

Spectrophotometric simultaneous determination of aspirin and Ticlopidine in combined tablet dosage form by first order derivative spectroscopy, Area Under Curve (AUC) and ratio derivative spectrophotometric methods

Two methods for the simultaneous determination of Emtricitabine and Tenofovir by spectroscopy have been developed. These two simple, accurate and precise methods include Area Under the Curve (AUC) method and Dual Wavelength Method. From a solvent effect studies and the spectral behaviours of Emtricitabine and Tenofovir, methanol was selected as solvent. Emtricitabine shows maximum absorbance at 281 nm and Tenofovir shows maximum absorbance at 259 nm. For the AUC method, the wavelength ranges between 242-248 nm and 269-275 nm were selected with reference to the absorbance curves plotted between the wavelengths of 200-400 nm. In the second method i.e. Dual method in which two wavelengths were selected for each drug in a way so that the difference in absorbance is zero for another drug. Emtricitabine shows equal absorbance at 230.696 nm and 250 nm, where the differences in absorbance were measured for the determination of Tenofovir. Similarly, differences in absorbances at 250 nm and 268.670 nm were measured for determination of Emtricitabine. These methods allows rapid analysis of two drug combination. The results of analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies. This tablet containing both drugs was assayed using the methods developed, showing a good accuracy and precision. © 2010.

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Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society

Simultaneous determination of emtricitabine and tenofovir by area under curve and dual wavelength spectrophotometric method

A simple, economical, precise and accurate method for simultaneous determination of Drotaverine (DRT) and Aceclofenac (ACE) in combined dosage form has been developed. The first method is Ratio Derivative spectroscopy method (Method A) in which ratio derivative amplitudes were measured at selected wavelengths. Second method is Area under Curve Spectrophotometry (Method B). The amplitudes at 330.13 nm and 228.06 nm in the Ratio derivative spectra were selected to determine DRT and ACE, respectively and wavelength ranges 299-305 nm and 270-277 nm were selected to determine DRT and ACE, respectively by AUC method in methanoldistilled water. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration ranges of 4-20 $\mu$g mL-1 and 5-25 $\mu$g mL-1 for DRT and ACE, respectively in method A while 4-24 $\mu$g mL-1 and 5-30 $\mu$g mL-1 by DRT and ACE, respectively in method B. The % assay for commercial formulation was found to be in the range 99.48 - 100.01 % for DRT and 99.52 - 99.89 % for ACE by the proposed methods. Recovery was found in the range 99.18-100.10 for DRT and 99.52 - 101.09% for ACE by ratio derivative spectroscopic method and 99.82 - 101.12% for DRT and 99.73-101.09% for ACE by AUC method for both the Formulations. The results of analysis have been validated statistically and recovery studies confirmed the accuracy and of the proposed methods which were carried out by following ICH guidelines.

Spectrophotometric determination of Drotaverine and Aceclofenac in combined tablet dosage form by Ratio derivative spectroscopy and Area under Curve (AUC) spectrophotometric methods

Extracts obtained from the leaves of various Alocasia species have been used in India as folk remedy for the treatment of various inflammatory ailments including rheumatism and bruise. The ethanolic extract of leaves of Alocasia indica Schott. was evaluated by using different in vitro antioxidant models of screening like scavenging of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, nitric oxide radical, superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical. The antinociceptive activity was tested by acetic acid-induced writhing response, hot plate method and tail flick method in albino rats. The anti-inflammatory potential of gels of ethanolic extract has been determined by using carrageenan-induced paw edema assay, formalin-induced paw edema assay, arachidonic acid-induced ear edema assay and xylene-induced ear edema assay. The extract showed remarkable antioxidant activity in all models, comparable to the standard reference drug ascorbic acid. The ethanolic extract of Alocasia indica and its gels produced dose-dependent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity, respectively. This finding suggests that ethanolic extract of A. indica possess potent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity possibly due to its free radical scavenging properties.

Journal of Young Pharmacists

Antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract of leaves of Alocasia indica (Schott.)

A simple, sensitive, selective, precise and stability-indicating thin-layer chromatographic method for determination of dutasteride both as a bulk drug and as pharmaceutical tablets was developed and validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The method employed thin-layer chromatography aluminium plates precoated with silica gel 60F254 as the stationary phase and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:methanol: dichloromethane in the ratio of 2.0:1.0:2.0, v/v/v. This solvent system was found to give compact spots for dutasteride (R f value of 0.64 ± 0.02). Densitometric analysis of dutasteride was carried out in the absorbance mode at 244 nm. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed good linear relationship with r = 0.9943 with respect to peak area in the concentration range of 100-600 ng per band. The method was validated for precision, accuracy, ruggedness and recovery. The limits of detection and quantitation were 7.54 and 22.85 ng per band, respectively. Dutasteride was subjected to acid and alkali hydrolysis, oxidation, photo degradation, dry heat and wet heat treatment. The drug undergoes degradation under acidic, basic conditions, photolytic, oxidative and upon wet and dry heat treatment. The degraded products were well separated from the pure drug. The statistical analysis proves that the developed method for quantification of dutasteride as bulk drug and from pharmaceutical tablets is reproducible and selective. As the method could effectively separate the drug from its degradation products, it can be employed as stability-indicating. {\textcopyright} 2009 Vieweg+Teubner | GWV Fachverlage GmbH.