MIT-World Peace University (MIT-WPU) is a top educational institute located in Pune, India. It is recognized within&nbsp;UGC under Government of Maharashtra Act No. XXXV 2017.&nbsp;

It is part of the MIT group of institutions (established in 1983) which covers 10+ campuses across India and has more than 50,000+ students enrolled across various disciplines at a given point of time. The institute houses 15 schools ranging from Engineering &amp; Technology, Design, Pharmacy, Commerce, Governance among others. It offers undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD programs among different disciplines.&nbsp;

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MIT World Peace University

In recent years due to globalization and increase in competition to capture market share, the customer is having many options of cars at much affordable prices .This has led to tremendous amount of cars on the road. The big cities in India are normally crowded and the city's existing infrastructure falls short to satisfy the growing needs. This problem is also combined with the inefficient use of parking space and uneven distribution of traffic which leads to congestion in vehicular traffic. This paper introduces a novel technique based on Internet of Things platform to improve efficiency of the existing parking systems. It guides driver to find nearest parking slots. The prototype uses cloud based architecture of Internet of things. There is minimum delay in finding an optimal parking slot which helps to ease the traffic congestion. The proposed system also helps users automatically find a free parking space at the smallest distance based on Haversine formula if nearest parking region is full.

World University root node

School of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Engineering and Technology

Proceedings of the International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies, ICICT 2016

Parking guidance system using internet of things

Crowd density analysis is very imperative for intellectual video surveillance to help in management and control of crowds for safety. In recent years, more and more datasets dedicated to crowd density estimation, crowd analysis and anomaly detection in crowded scenes have been created. The use of these dataset allows us to compare different crowd density estimation methods with the same input data. The survey introduced in this paper compares different crowd datasets for crowd density estimation methods. © 2016 IEEE.

2016 International Conference on Global Trends in Signal Processing, Information Computing and Communication (ICGTSPICC)

A survey of video datasets for crowd density estimation

An ingenious control of DC–DC buck-boost converter with uncertain dynamics is proposed in this paper. The proposed converter operates in buck-boost mode based on the uncertain input either from a photovoltaic cell (boost) or piezoelectric generator (buck). A linear disturbance observer is designed to alleviate the disturbances in load resistance and input source. The control is synthesized using sliding mode control. The stability of system is assured. The results are validated for a practical case of multi-energy harvesters. © Springer International Publishing AG 2016.

The International Symposium on Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications

Robust control of buck-boost converter in energy harvester: A linear disturbance observer approach

The prediction of Indian summer monsoon (ISM) variability on extended range (3-4 pentads in advance, where pentad refers to 5-day average) is crucial due to its usefulness in agricultural and hydrological planning. Monsoon rainfall occurs in the form of active/break spells which causes large-scale flood/drought condition. Prediction before 3-4 pentad may not stop this condition but can help us to prepare for the same. Hence Climate Forecast System model version 2 (CFSv2) has been adopted to develop a dynamical prediction system for monsoon rainfall on different time scales. The Extended Range Prediction (ERP) group at Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology has indigenously developed an Ensemble Prediction System based on CFSv2 for the real-Time prediction of active/break spells of ISM and has been providing the experimental forecasts up to 4 pentad lead. A multi-model ensemble (MME) framework employing different variants of CFSv2 has shown better skill in the ERP of ISM, compared to the individual variants. Still CFSv2 model shows statistical biases which cause lack of skill in MME and causes false prediction. In this study, it is proposed to employ the artificial neural network based technique to reduce the inherent biases by post-processing the raw model output. The performance is evaluated with mean square error, correlation coordinate and Brier skill score. Result shows that the probabilistic skill of the model is improved with the ANN- based technique.

Improved Performance of multi-model ensemble through the bias correction based on ANN technique

Quality of Service (QoS) optimization is an important design goal in wireless video transmission. The application (APP) layer 802.11e medium access control (MAC) layer, and physical (PHY) layer of the wireless protocol stack can be jointly designed for the exchange of information. This will optimize the performance of wireless network for real-time digital video transmission. This paper proposes an innovative 'QoS-Optimized Adaptive Multi-layer (OQAM)' architecture. It ensures reliable and high-quality video transmission over communication channels. The channel exhibits wide variability in throughput, delay, and packet loss. The simulation is performed using EvalVid and Network Simulator-2. Enhanced Intra Prediction (EnIP) algorithm with H.264/MPEG4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) is proposed at the APP layer. This H.264/MPEG4 AVC is a non-scalable video enCOder/DECoder (CODEC). Improved MAC Adaptive Retry Limit (IMALr) is proposed as smart-packet drop mechanism at the 802.11e MAC layer. It uses packet overflow drop (Pov) and expired-time packet discard (Pex) algorithm. Enhanced Adaptive Forward Error Correction (EnAFEC) is proposed at the PHY layer. The aforementioned algorithms are jointly considered in the proposed OQAM architecture, which increases the coding efficiency, reduces end-to-end delay and increases reliability of wireless network for real-time Video over Wireless (VoW) transmission. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation

QoS-optimized adaptive multi-layer (OQAM) architecture of wireless network for high quality digital video transmission

Early pest detection and identification in agriculture is necessary for good quality and quantity of crop production. This will help to reduce the effect of pest and the use of pesticides. Detection of pest is necessary to get the information and location of the pest and this can be achieved only if temperature is controlled in the room like in the greenhouse. There are various conventional techniques which are used to detect the pest, but the proposed method is very fast, easy and convenient. This project proposes pest detection and movement by using the video processing. Video processing involves capturing the video and processing on it to find the presence and location of pest. © 2015 IEEE.

2015 International Conference on Information Processing (ICIP)

Agriculture pest detection using video processing technique

For real time digital video transmission, an innovative multi-layer design of wireless systems is needed, where information among layers is exchanged and parameters are jointly optimized for richer interfaces among the layers of the protocol stack. The growing prevalence of wireless calls for such design of wireless network to support Quality of Service (QoS). Accounting for the limited availability of radio resources, the above requirement can be met through the development of flexible or adaptable radio interfaces of multi-layer architecture. Specifically, based on the traffic analysis with QoS requirements jointly Application (APP), Media Access Control (MAC), Physical (PHY) layers can be designed to optimize the network performance. This architecture is developed in view of benefits and necessities of sharing information among different layers where parameters are jointly optimized. To this respect, this paper gives the proper relevance to resource management strategies such as coding efficiency, media access control and error control and proposes a block level model of multi-layer architecture of wireless network. © 2014 IEEE.

2014 International Conference on Circuits, Systems, Communication and Information Technology Applications, CSCITA 2014

A multi-layer architecture of wireless network for digital video transmission

Digital video sequences in uncompressed form require huge storage and high transmission bandwidth for multimedia communication. The increasing number of Video over Wireless (VoW) services is creating greater thrust for higher coding efficiency for digital video signals. Efficient coding and transmission control techniques are required to meet the needs of Quality of Service (QoS). H.264/MPEG4-advanced video coding (AVC) video enCOder/DECoder (CODEC) is the latest coding and compression standard from the International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunication (ITU-T). This standard is currently dominating the field by offering a flexible architecture and compression gain for video coding. Due to its high compression efficiency with low compression delay, it is used in many real time VoW transmission applications. Modern wireless networks provide many different means to adapt QoS like low end-to-end delay, efficient bandwidth-utilization and lower bit-rate. This paper presents a design of integrated CODEC scheme with relatively lower bit-rate and improved edge peak signal-to-noise ratio (EPSNR). Several important factors of video sequence are analyzed for achieving lower bit-rate. A new scheme is proposed at Application (APP) layer for video compression, called as Enhanced Intra Prediction (EnIP). This algorithm uses picture structure without B-pictures for real time VoW application. The proposed algorithm is implemented on TMS320DM6437; a multimedia processor, using Digital Video Development Platform (DVDP). The superior performance of the proposed EnIP algorithm is validated by experimental results. It shows that the implementation of EnIP using digital multimedia processor lowers the bit-rate and improves EPSNR significantly. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Wireless personal communications

Improved Compression Performance of H. 264/MPEG4-AVC for Digital Video Using DVDP

For real time multimedia signal transmission in wireless channel, the effect of packets lost due to error and due to congestion, end-to-end delay during the transmission which in-turn will affect the parameters of wireless channel like reliability, quality of service (QoS); transmission rate, transmission delay etc. are required to be considered. Most of the real-time applications uses user datagram protocol (UDP) as their transport protocol. For better end-to-end performance of wireless network, improvements are required in the existing protocol of physical (PHY) layer. This paper surveys the literature on real time communication over wireless and suggests adaptive error control mechanism for reliable transmission. The suggested adaptive forward error control (AFEC) method results in achieving the desired recovery rate at the receiver without using any retransmission mechanism. The network simulator NS-2 is used to evaluate the same. The simulation results indicate that the suggested method improves end-to-end performance by increased packet delivery ratio (PDR) by reducing end to end delay for real time multimedia signal in the wireless network. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media.

Computer Networks &amp; Communications (NetCom)

PHY Layer Considerations for Real Time Multimedia Signal Transmission in Wireless Medium

Real time video transmission in wireless environment considers various parameters of wireless channel like information rate, error resiliency, security, end-to-end latency, quality of service etc. The available internet protocols are transmission control protocol and user datagram protocol (UDP). But most of the real-time applications uses UDP as their transport protocol. UDP is a fast protocol suitable for delay sensitive applications like video and audio transmission as it does not provide flow control or error recovery and does not require connection management. Due to the tremendous growth in wired and wireless real-time applications, some improvements should be made in the existing systems or protocols. Various techniques to improve end-to-end performance of system for real time video transmission over wireless channel are available in literature. Authors claim that the solution suggested in the paper provide more reliability in wireless video transmission. In the proposed solution, adaptive redundant packets are added in every block (or datagram) transmitted in order to achieve a desired recovery rate at the receiver. The suggested method dose not use any retransmission mechanism. The network simulator NS-2 is used to evaluate the method and the simulation results indicate that the proposed method can guarantee satisfied end-to-end performance by increased packet delivery ratio, reduced end-to-end delay and hence increased network throughput for video transmission in wireless network. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

End-to-end performance improvement of the wireless channel for video transmission

To improve the robustness of video transmission over heterogeneous wireless network various error resilient tools are deployed. The impact of bit errors on the perceived video quality depends on several factors, such as error resilience of the data format, error concealment mechanism used and characteristics of the bit error pattern. In this paper the impact of bit error is analyzed and various error resilient tools implemented at the transmitter side, at the receiver and the ones requiring interactive feedback on dynamic channel conditions are discussed. The paper also covers a few cross layer optimization techniques. © 2011 IEEE.

2011 International Conference on Image Information Processing

Impact of bit error on video transmission over wireless networks and error resiliency

The video transmission using wireless technology is an important functionality in multimedia communication. Video coding/compression and real time transmission are the key indicators to select the appropriate techniques and needs very careful designing of the parameters. The extra efforts taken at the encoder side allows the decoding of the video on a less powerful hardware platform, where the issues like client buffer capacity and computational time are very critical. This article surveys and appraises available literature on various video encoding and wireless transmission techniques. It also discusses various parameters of wireless medium like reliability, QoS, transmission rate, transmission delay for video transmission as a key element of wireless multimedia communication. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011.

International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology

A survey on video transmission using wireless technology

This paper presents an algorithm for content-based bit rate allocation for video coding in order to improve rate-distortion (R-D) performance. A fuzzy tool is developed to analyze different areas of a frame. This tool attributes a level of interest to each macroblock. It is effective for a very large range of natural pictures. Beginning with the segmentation of the original picture, a non-hierarchical fuzzy model allows combining the results of distinct criteria in order to increase the reliability of the system and provide convergence to a meaningful final result. R-D optimal rate allocation is done taking help of the fuzzy model and human visual system. The model developed is incorporated in TM5 rate control algorithm and the results are compared with the same. Copyright © 2010 by the IETE.

IETE Journal of Research

Fuzzy Based Optimum Bit Allocation for Rate Control in Video Compression

Distribution systems, presently, are characterized by inadequate metering, un-coordinated control of equipment and frequent failure of major equipment mainly due to non availability of their loading information and other status. In this paper, the conventional system is renovated to get benefits of automated distribution network with the aid of distribution automation equipment. Retrofitting of the network is done by the placement of remotely operated sectionalizing switches, route switches, load break switches, current transformers and potential transformers. The necessary hardware and the Man Machine Interface (MMI) is developed and presented in this paper. Experimental results are obtained by designing and testing the laboratory model. ©2008 IEEE.

2008 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition

Switchgear retrofitting for automated distribution network

The visual quality of an encoded frame is related to the bits it consumes. To maintain stable quality throughout the video sequence, one needs to consider the distribution of the bit budget for each frame. Within the constraints of bit rate, in order to achieve high visual quality, number of parameters can be considered which include amount of motion present in the video, human visual system, bit allocation, quantisation parameter assignment, motion estimation and mode selection. This paper presents a method, which jointly considers the human visual systems and quality of video to be encoded for rate control. Improvement in performance is obtained as compared to TM5 algorithm used in MPEG2. The proposed technique evaluates the perceptual distortion sensitivity on a macroblock basis, and allocates fewer bits to regions permitting large perceptual distortions for rate reduction. © 2007 IEEE.

International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Applications (ICCIMA 2007)

Optimum bit allocation using human visual system for video compression

Design and operation of an encoder involves the optimization of many decisions to achieve the best possible trade-off between rate and distortion under the given constraint on delay and complexity. In this paper, a new ratecontrol algorithm is proposed by optimal bit allocation and macroblock mode selection. It is low-complexity, single-pass algorithm applicable in areas that are sensitive to delay and having very limited resources. Improvement in PSNR is obtained for video sequences with varying contents and bit rate. The algorithm does not violate the buffer constraints. © Indian Institute of Science.